Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Integrative Therapy Essay

I began my top notch of directing today. I was apprehensive and energized simultaneously. I was apprehensive in light of the fact that I had not been in formal instruction for as long as ten years and energized on the grounds that I would accomplish something for myself following 3 years of sitting at home and spotlight on some different option from residential issues. I showed up to my top of the line late and that made me progressively troubled. Checking out I saw that there were individuals from various age and foundation. I began the class by enlightening others regarding myself and tuned in to them. I had a feeling that I was in a gathering treatment, in a way it really was on the grounds that we were utilizing our listening abilities, which I accept is fundamental piece of directing. As it occurred toward the finish of the assignment I was less anxious than I was toward the start. Our next assignment was to discover an accomplice and discussion about ourselves to one another. W e discussed our lives and it was up to us the amount to advise our accomplice and to impart it to the remainder of the gathering. Again here, our listening aptitudes were tried. This errand additionally went about as ice breaker where the climate of the class become increasingly loose as we tuned in to each individual’s life and their accomplishments just as their desires. I understood that a large portion of the individuals who went to the course were there a result of their background pushed them to this course and that they believed they have something to give back as advisor, or that they may gain proficiency with some guiding abilities to assist them with their own lives. With respect to myself, since contemplating directing as a component of my degree course 10 years back, I have needed to turn into an advisor. I generally was roused to help other people. My solitary powerlessness is and has been my absence of certainty. This isn't on the grounds that I don’t can tune in and help other people, yet simply that I am not a sure speaker and my relational abilities should be upgraded and by doing this course I am wanting to conquer both and be set up for additional capabilities in guiding. During the class in bunches we additionally examined, what we need from rest of the gathering and what is expected of me. There were a few focuses, for example, Respect, Confidentially, Honesty, Being non-critical, and so on, that we as a whole conceded to. We finished the class by â€Å"checking out†, where we said how we felt and what we realized, similar to me, the remainder of gathering was additionally progressively loose and were anticipating the remainder of the course. I consider this to be as learning course, where before the finish of it I have taken in some directing abilities, ideally I will likewise defeat my own issues, which may affect my job as a partner.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Shannon Crockett 1 Essays

Shannon Crockett 1 Essays Shannon Crockett 1 Essay Shannon Crockett 1 Essay what's more, B. Duran) Casualties frequently have some basic qualities which muddle yet smooth out mindfulness during the directing experience. Measurements show ladies who are survivors of aggressive behavior at home regularly in high rates in the accompanying classifications: Abuse liquor or different substances. Have been recently manhandled. Are pregnant. Are poor and have restricted help. Have accomplices who misuse liquor or different substances. Have left their abuser previously. Have mentioned a limiting request against the abuser. Are individuals from ethnic minority or foreigner gatherings. Have conventional convictions that ladies ought to be accommodating to men. Try not to communicate in English. While it happens far less frequently than men battering ladies, ladies here and there hitter their male accomplices. How regularly ladies misuse men is the subject of much discussion. â€Å"Studies report that ladies are casualties of abusive behavior at home at any rate multiple times more frequentl y than men. † (Malcoe, L. , and B. Duran) However, some men’s bunches contend that data on battered men is off base. One purpose behind this, they state, is that a few information have most likely been kept out of studies since it is ‘politically incorrect’ or ‘embarrassing’. Additionally, a lady hit by a man is bound to be genuinely harmed than a man who is hit by a lady. Therefore, male casualties are more averse to look for clinical consideration or other assistance. So pundits state that insights dependent on reports to experts or reports of emergency clinic treatment doesn’t mirror the genuine number of male casualties. Male promoters additionally contend that men don’t get equivalent insurance under the abusive behavior at home laws. In South Carolina there are no DV covers for men. The courts and police have recently rehearsed a twofold standard-when men are harmed and report the assault to the police, they are not paid attention to. â€Å"Victimization rates shift among various minority populaces. The most noteworthy revealed rates are for Native American ladies. † (Malcoe, L. , and B. Duran) Incidentally this male populace additionally has the most elevated announced liquor addiction rate. Relationship of Domestic Violence Victims to Offenders Victim to Offender RelationshipNumberPct. Beau/Girlfriend15,23628. 4 Spouse14,97727. 9 Common law spouse5,3119. 9 Sibling3,7757. 0 Parent3,5366. 6 Other family member3,2576. 1 Child3,0985. 8 Ex-spouse1,2852. 4 In-law1,1552. 1 Stepchild7011. 3 Stepparent5381. 0 Grandparent2310. 4 Child of kid/girlfriend2170. 4 Grandchild1860. 3 Homosexual Relation1170. 2 Stepsibling740. 1 Babysitter310. Source: SCIBRS, SLED Domestic Violence Victims by Race and Sex Race/SexNumberPct. White female20,22237. 7 Non-white female19,98237. 2 White male6,93612. 9 Non-white male6,51712. 1 Note: There were 68 cases in which either race or sex was accounted for as obscure. Source: SCIBRS, SLED It is critical to take note of that albeit white aggressive behavi or at home casualties dwarf non-white abusive behavior at home casualties, the white populace in South Carolina is around double the size of the non-white populace. Ethnicity, characterized inside SCIBRS as Hispanic or non-Hispanic, was not a huge factor. Just 337 (0. %) survivors of aggressive behavior at home were accounted for to be Hispanic. Casualties of abusive behavior at home were all the more frequently youthful and moderately aged grown-ups. The single biggest age gathering of aggressive behavior at home casualties was the age 26 to 34 gathering which represents 30. 4%. Directing survivors of any ethnicity ought to be done in a way which doesn't gathering or characterize casualties dependent on racial inclinations or slang contemplations. Abusive behavior at home Victims by Age Group AgeNumberPct. 0 to 122,3234. 3 13 to 173,7947. 1 18 to 2411,42921. 4 25 to 3416,25130. 4 35 to 4412,82124. 0 45 to 544,5278. 5 55 to 641,3662. 6 65 and older9191. 7 Note: 295 cases missing age information Source: SCIBRS, SLED The directing field ought to be wary of being progressively touchy to a particular age bunch as being helpless despite the fact that helplessness is clear in certain gatherings. Permitting yourself to feel more compassion for one gathering refrains another could without much of a stretch be seen as you accepting maybe another gathering could have by one way or another forestalled the maltreatment. Audra J. Bowlus Shannon Seitz, 2006. Aggressive behavior at home, Employment, And Divorce, International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 7(4), pages 1113-1149, November. Catalano, S. Personal Partner Violence in the United States. Washington, DC: U. S. Division of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, December 2007, www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/cozy/ipv. htm Hugo Mialon Sue Mialon, 2006. Savagery against ladies, socia l learning, and prevention, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 367-382, October. Malcoe, L. , and B. Duran. â€Å"Intimate Partner Violence and Injury in the Lives of Low-Income can Women. † Violence Within the Family, including National Institute of Justice, award number 5R03-DA/AA11154. Washington, DC: U. S. Division of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 2004, NCJ 199703. ncjrs. gov/App/Publications/unique. aspx? ID=199703 Criminal Offense Definitions Aggravated Assault: An unlawful assault by one individual upon another wherein the guilty party utilizes a weapon or showcases it in an undermining way, or the casualty endures evident extreme or irritated substantial injury including clear broken bones, loss of teeth, conceivable inward injury, serious slash, or loss of cognizance. This additionally incorporates attack with sickness (as in situations when the guilty party knows that he/she is tainted with a fatal ailment and intentionally endeavors to dispense the ailment by gnawing, spitting, and so forth ). Persuasive Fondling: The contacting of the private body portions of someone else with the end goal of sexual satisfaction, coercively as well as against that person’s will; or not coercively or against that person’s will where the casualty is unequipped for giving assent in light of his/her childhood or due to his/her impermanent or lasting mental or physical inadequacy. Coercive Sodomy: Oral or butt-centric sex with someone else, persuasively or potentially against that person’s will; or not persuasively or against the person’s will where the casualty is unequipped for giving assent due to his/her childhood or in view of his/her brief or lasting mental or physical inadequacy. Inbreeding: Non-coercive sex between people who are identified with one another inside the degrees wherein marriage is precluded by law. Terrorizing: To unlawfully put someone else in sensible dread of substantial damage using undermining words and additionally other lead, yet without showing a weapon or exposing the casualty to real physical assault. Murder: The adamant (non-careless) slaughtering of one person by another. Assault: The sex with of an individual, coercively and additionally against that person’s will; or not persuasively or against the person’s will where the casualty is unequipped for giving assent in light of his/her impermanent or changeless mental or physical inadequacy. This does exclude legally defined sexual assault. ) Robbery: The taking, or endeavoring to take, anything of significant worth under fierce situation from the control, authority, or care of someone else forcibly or danger of power or brutality or potentially by placing the casualty in dread of prompt mischief. Basic Assault: An unlawful physical assault by one individual upon another where neither the guilty party sh ows a weapon, nor the casualty endures evident extreme or irritated substantial injury including clear broken bones, loss of teeth, conceivable interior injury, serious slash, or loss of awareness. Rape with an Object: To utilize an article or instrument to unlawfully infiltrate, anyway marginally, the genital or butt-centric opening of the body of someone else, coercively as well as against that person’s will; or not persuasively or against the person’s will where the casualty is unequipped for giving assent as a result of his/her childhood or on account of his/her impermanent or lasting mental or physical insufficiency. Legally defined sexual assault: Non-coercive sex with an individual who is under the legal time of assent. (FBI, 1996) For quite a long time casualties of abusive behavior at home have been named mutually dependent. Coming up next is a lot of qualities of a mutually dependent as offered by Co-Dependents Anonymous, contrasted and the truth of a lady who is manhandled. Mutually dependent: I assume liability for others sentiments as well as practices. Manhandled: I am considered answerable for my abusers emotions and additionally practices. Mutually dependent: I feel excessively answerable for others sentiments as well as practices. Manhandled: For my security, I should know about my abusers sentiments as well as practices. Mutually dependent: I experience issues communicating my sentiments. Mishandled: If I express my emotions, I endanger my security. Mutually dependent: I experience issues in framing and additionally keeping up cozy connections. Mishandled: It is risky for me to shape or keep up cozy connections. Mutually dependent: I fear being harmed or dismissed. Mishandled: Having been harmed and dismissed, I am terrified of re-exploitation. Mutually dependent: I will in general brutally judge all that I do, think, or state, by somebody elses measures. Nothing is done, said or thought adequate. Mishandled: My abuser cruelly passes judgment on all that I do, think, or state. Nothing I do is sufficient. Mutually dependent: I address or disregard my own qualities to associate with huge others. I esteem others assessments more than my own. Manhandled: My qualities and assessments are addressed/overlooked by my abuser. For my security I don't communicate my own feelings. Mutually dependent: My confiden ce is supported by external/different impacts. Manhandled: My confidence is methodicallly demolished by my abusers strategies. Che

Monday, August 10, 2020

The Man Who Dies with the Most Stuff

The Man Who Dies with the Most Stuff If I know anything about being an American, its that the man who dies with the most stuff wins. At 13, I was well on my way to winning. Somehow, I had developed a love for bargains. Off-season prom dresses. After-Christmas sweater sales. Thrifted jeans for a few bucks. I could buy more, for less, than anyone I knew. And I took pride in all that cheap stuff I accumulated, as a middle-class, middle-American, middle-schooler. This ability to bargain, I thought, would win me coolness and popularity. Surely, I would have far more clothes than my friends. But I didnt. Their closets were overflowing, too. Shoes. Bags. Jeans. I kept buying more and more cheap clothing, in an effort to keep up. Each season, our closets collectively spat out old trends as we shoveled in new ones. In a race to die with the most stuff, everyone wants to look good. So I too raced, with shopping bags in hand, through high school and college. By 23, I was much cooler than my 13-year-old self. I wanted to travel, live abroad, and experience life outside my hometown and my dorm. I still loved a bargain more than anything. But it wasnt financially feasible to schlep a crate of high-heels around the world, so I bought a backpack. I carefully chose a few garments for the next several months, and nervously stepped onto the plane. Things looked different on the other side of the planetâ€"especially on the winding rural roads of countries like Laos and Cambodia. With my nose pressed against dirty bus windows, I observed. Life is far less shiny and new in that part of the world. There is more dirt, and grass, both indoors and out. Only one word came to mind when I thought about my life back home. Lavish. With eyes wide, I realized my selfishness. For wanting, and wanting, and wanting. And never, ever, thinking about the impact that my want had on the rest of the world. Generally, people turn to a minimalist lifestyle to make their day-to-day existence easier. To save money, to save time, to focus on whats truly important. These reasons are admirableâ€"they allow us to find meaning beyond our jeans and gadgets. But my travels abroad turned me onto minimalism for a different reason. I slowly saw the impact of my consumption taking a toll on the environment, and on others. It became a personal thing. And I realized that minimalism isnt just a lifestyle decision, but a chance to save humanity. Thats a pretty bold statement: minimalism will save humanity. But over the following year, I became more convinced of the power that lifestyle choices have on changing the world. My time abroad changed my perspectiveâ€"not only on what it means to live with less, but to live. To live is to make choices, day in and day out. And for a long time, I chose a good bargain, retail therapy, and new trends over the chance to reduce pollution, carbon emissions, and landfill waste. It was time to start asking questions of myself, and of the companies I supported for many years. In a few months, I will turn 26. The past year of my life has been devoted to learning about fabrics, fashion, and consumption, and starting an ultra-versatile eco-clothing line with my close friend, Shannon. Inspired by our backpacks, and appalled by our former shopaholic selves, we began learning about how our shopping habits affect the rest of the world. We came across disturbing statistics: Americans, while making up only 5 percent of the worlds population, consume 25 percent of the worlds resources. In 2007, the average American was purchasing one piece of clothing every 5.4 days, and discarding 78 pounds of textiles every year. Thats an absurd rate of consumption. Whats even more unsettling is how these clothes are constructed. Many of our garments are made with petroleum-based synthetics, chemically sprayed for anti-wrinkle benefits,  and printed using inks with known carcinogens. The byproducts and waste end up in ecosystems on the other side of the world, that look much different from the enticing point-of-purchase. Progressive research points to the idea that in order to change the worldâ€"trulyâ€"we must look towards a more minimal way of life. The earth simply cant support a world full of overflowing walk-in closets and new trends for every season. Looking back, I ponder the social pressures behind my consumption. My friends and I wholeheartedly believed that life would somehow be better, if only we had the trendiest garb. I wanted to be the (wo)man who died with the most stuff, without realizing that if one man dies with everything, the rest are left with nothing. Minimalism, for me, is not just an individual experience that makes my own life richer; its a collective experience that improves the world as a whole. Perhaps its time to reconsider our consumption mantra. Perhaps it could go something like this: If I know anything about being a world citizen, its that the man who dies with the smallest footprint does the greatest good. Kristin Glenn is the founder of Seamly.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Abraham Lincoln Americas Greatest President Essay

The appellation, â€Å"The Great Emancipator† is not granted to just any person, but rather it highlights a courageous, respectful, and driven individual. Abraham Lincoln’s contribution to the United States is so grand and captivating, that he is deservingly recognized as America’s greatest president. For example, he abolished slavery, led America through the Civil War, and prevented the Union from splitting apart. Abraham Lincoln is America’s greatest president and was the forceful leader that manipulated America from a state of turmoil into a state of justice and harmony. Primarily, America’s opulence initiated with Lincoln’s determination to preserve and to strengthen the moral cause of the Union, starting off with focusing on abolishing†¦show more content†¦His Proclamation and idea of the liberation of blacks foreshadowed the 13th amendment’s establishment. This addition to the Constitution officially abolished slavery an d involuntary servitude within the southern states. This adjustment gave millions of slaves the opportunity to live their lives without having a ruler. His ability to identify the evils of slavery and pursue a change, demonstrates how he deserves the title, â€Å"America’s greatest President.† Additionally, after Lincoln’s yearning to abolish slavery through his Emancipation Proclamation, and succeeding, Lincoln started to focus on his most important priority, to win the Civil War. Although Lincoln hated the deaths and destructions that war brought, he believed that this was the only solution to preserve the Union. This pacifist was the leader of the bloodiest war in American history with more than 45,000 total people being missing, wounded, captured, and killed. Furthermore, Lincoln was the foundation of the Union’s victorious military strategy and led the north to triumph. Lincoln’s strategy was a type that was based on destroying the opposing fo rces instead of conquering their territory. Also, he conducted the Union armies to attack the enemy on all fronts. These strategies would surely catch the opponents off guard and ultimately give the Union a win on their battle record. Similarly to playing lacrosse,Show MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln s Greatest President2176 Words   |  9 PagesLaycock; Was Abraham Lincoln America’s Greatest President? Abraham Lincoln; America’s Greatest President In Larry Madaras and James M. SoRelle’s book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in U.S. History Volume 1: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction the topic as to whether or not Abraham Lincoln was America’s greatest president during and after the eighteenth century is explored and debated by Phillip Shaw Paludan and Melvin E. Bradford. Paludan believes Lincoln was America’s greatest president on theRead MoreKameron Harris. Mrs. Thompson. Hist 102-10. 2 May 2017.824 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Conspiracy Behind the Legacy Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were two America’s greatest presidents. 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Beginni ng in 1960 the Lincoln Memorial started being pressed on the backRead MoreThe Life Of Abraham Lincoln1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, Civil Rights Activist, U.S. Representative, U.S. President, and lawyer is regarded as one of America’s most successful presidents due to his incredible impact on the nation, and his views on slavery and civil rights. Abraham Lincoln, also referred to by Honest Abe, had one of the hardest jobs a president can have and that is being a war-time leader. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Use the Slept Framework to Analyse the Current External Business Free Essays

A. Written Report (25%) You are required to analyse the business environment of a UK based manufacturer of a luxury product of your choice. Please note that: * The actual company is hypothetical. We will write a custom essay sample on Use the Slept Framework to Analyse the Current External Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now * It is assumed to supply to the upmarket department stores and boutiques around the world but its main market is the UK. * You must agree your specific product with your tutor. * By luxury product, we mean an expensive product that is not a basic necessity. To complete this assessment task, you must: a. Use the SLEPT framework to analyse the current external business environment for issues that may affect your company. Attach this in the Appendix. No word limit for this section. b. Drawing on your analysis of the external business environment, explain and justify the three most important issues currently facing your company. Word limit is 2000 words for this section. Word Limit The word limit is 2000 words (excluding any items in the appendix**). Students are advised to stick to the word limit – if you exceed the word limit, it should be within the 10% rule. Work submitted that exceeds the word limit may be penalised on the basis of failure to demonstrate academic discipline. *The Appendix should only be used to support your discussion (which is what is being marked) with reference materials e. g. diagrams, scanned images, Internet printouts, articles etc. It should not be used to supplement your essay so that more words can be squeezed into your assignment! In other words, a poorly written essay with a fantastic appendix is not going to achieve a good grade. Referencing To get a good grade, your discussion must be underpinned by a wide selection of secondary sources and academic materials (e. g. books and journal articles) throughout your work or where appropriate. All work must be fully referenced (preferably using the Harvard Referencing System) to acknowledge sources used or consulted for the production of your report otherwise it would be considered as plagiarism. Correct referencing is a vital skill you will need to master for any academic writing. Please DO NOT USE references taken from Wikipedia, MarketingTeacher. Com, QuickMBA. Com or similar websites that allow students to do a quick ‘copy and paste’ quotations of academic concepts. These websites may be useful for initial research and/or reading but they should not end up in any part of your work as they are not legitimate academic sources. This kind of practice does not encourage deep learning. Deep learning can only come about if you invest time and effort into in-depth reading in original sources. A) Use the SLEPT framework to analyse the current external business environment for issues that may affect your company. Attach this in the Appendix. No word limit for this section. I will be using SLEPT in order to analyze the external business environment for key issues that may affect my hi-fi firm. ‘Rich Sounds’ is a luxury selling Hi-fi Company based in the United Kingdom. The company does compete internationally, however its main trade mainly takes place within the UK. The market is estimated to be worth ? 2 billion in 2007 compared with a peak value of ? 2. 1 billion in 2005. The growth of the market for portable music players and, more recently, for home docking stations has offset a decline in home hi-fi system sales. The arrival of the iPod marked a sea change in the audio equipment market. Sales of MP3 players have grown dramatically at the expense of other portable music players, especially CD players. In the home, CDs remain the dominant format but are increasingly played on PCs and laptops – this change has adversely impacted the sale of conventional home audio equipment (Mintel. Rich Sounds does compete at the higher end of the hi-fi market with brands such as ‘Sony’ and ‘Panasonic’. SLEPT framework is used to analyze the current external business environment for issues affecting a business such as Rich Sounds. The luxury hi-fi market has many external influences which can affect it. Technology is one of th e main external influences from the SLEPT analysis. Development in technology has meant that smaller and sleeker devices such as iPods are selling instead of traditional hi-fi systems. Advances in technology, for example advertising has hugely helped the growing sales in the hi-fi market. Many electronics companies tend to have huge celebrity endorsements which in return boost their sales as people nowadays tend to favour electronics which are advertised by celebrities and follow the trend. It is said that companies such as Rich Sounds need to spend at least ? 1million on advertising in order to compete at the top level. (Mintel) Also more and more people tend to download their music nowadays and this means an increase in competition for Rich Sounds as more people would buy computers and laptops rather than hi-fis. Ownership of PCs has now reached high levels and the majority of consumers are accessing the Internet at least once a week at home. Another issue in SLEPT is economic factors. The current ‘credit crunch’ has resulted in more and more people having less disposable income and this knock on effect means electronic sales could suffer. It is thought that due to this, people are less likely to buy hi-fi’s, but instead buy necessities. The credit crunch has also reduced the amount of affluent people and this means it could reduce the market size and this means Rich Sounds could become more competitive. It could be said that spending on repairs has fallen dramatically over the last five years, as lower product prices mean it is often more cost-efficient to replace than repair. The final issue linked to economic factors is society. Hi-fi’s are associated as being a seasonal product especially at Christmas time when people are buying them for presents so this is when Rich sounds would expect a huge increase in sales. Also people that work long hours and work further away from home can help boost Rich Sounds sales. Nowadays, commuting to work is tedious to a lot of people and so they can listen to audio equipment at this point. The final issue in SLEPT is political issues. Although there is not much to say for this point, I can briefly say that tax issues affect my firm. B) Drawing on your analysis of the external business environment, explain and justify the three most important issues currently facing your company. Word limit is 2000 words for this section. I will now discuss the three most important issues from the SLEPT analysis and these are the technological, social and economical issues. Trends are an important aspect of the economic environment. Nowadays it is becoming increasingly more fashionable to follow celebrity trends and those celebrities who advertise electronics such as hi-fis tend to sell the most. An example of this is when Sony used Justin Timberlake dancing on their adverts to help promote their goods and this saw a huge increase in sales. Research suggests that the two most popular hi-fi companies are Panasonic and Sony and these spend millions and millions on advertising. This means Rich Sounds could advertise new equipment with different celebrities to help promote it hugely. Another economic factor is the ‘credit crunch’. It has resulted in people having a lot less disposable income and so therefore hi-fi sales will fall dramatically. Due to this people will not splash out on luxury goods like hi-fis, however they will buy necessities instead. This provides a knock on effect and therefore Rich Sounds sales may fall. Also the credit crunch has seen a reduction in the amount of wealthy people and this can reduce the size of the market and therefore make Rich Sounds more competitive. http://academic. mintel. com. lcproxy. shu. ac. uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=271602/display/id=299002#hit1 How to cite Use the Slept Framework to Analyse the Current External Business, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Management of Legitimating Educational Standard

Question: Discuss about the Management of Legitimating Educational Standard. Answer: Introduction Shafritz et al. (2015) depict that the theory of scientific management resembles the synthesizeworkflow of an organization and how it influence the economic efficiency and labor productivity. This theory is majorly applicable in the manufacturing industries and its themes are still important in industrial engineeringand management. Frederick Taylor in order to attain high productivity, times should be measured regarding employees efficiency in production and high salary should be provided to them for motivating them. On the other hand, according to the contingency theory, it is explained that there is no best way to organize a corporation and a customized approach should be chosen that could match with the organizational culture (Fiedler 2015). Thus, in this essay, the agreement and disagreement on scientific management theory and contingency theory will be discussed respectively. This will help to evaluate an effective way, to organize a corporation and maintain its working approach es for better productivity and profitability. Bell and Martin (2012) illustrate that Frederick Winslow Taylor is one of the earliest theorists, who analyzed the progress of the working approaches of organization and concludes theory through which this efficiency can be attained. The concerned theorist also proposes The Principles of Scientific Management according to which the productivity of an organization can be enhanced if the work in an organization can be optimized and simplified. This theory is mainly developed for the manufacturing industries; where the profitability of the organization is, relying on the efficiency of the production line (Witzel and Warner 2015). In the conventional time, organizations owner follows no standardization and do not have any motivational factor like incentives and the managers also have little contact with the worker. The prime disadvantage of this approach is that the productivity of the organization is low. Frederick Taylor in 1908 applied his theory of scientific management in a leading automobile organization Ford where employees work slowly and carefully to assemble the final car and it takes several weeks to finish the formulation of the final product (Janoski 2015). The theorist suggested to note every proceeding of the employee and measured it with a stopwatch and as a result, an employee, who carried 12 tons pig-iron from the wagon previously, was capable of carrying 47 tons pig-iron up from the wagon after implementing the arrangements suggested by Taylor (Aitken 2014). It was measured that the production was raised by 300% compared to the previous productivity. Fords production line also distributed into several simple repetitive departments, where employee do not necessarily have to learn any skills and can learn these small chunks of jobs easily (Aitken 2014). The concerned company faces the most revolutionary changes is the high productivity in their production line that ass embles 200 cars per day (Aitken 2014). Hu (2013) moreover states that, this productivity can be further enhanced by the formulating an assembly line that not only take the parts of the cars in the exact point of the assembling but it also accomplishes the work accurately. Thus, to the benefits of the scientific management, Bell and Martin (2012) supports the theory by depicting that it not only reduces the cost of production but it also help in formulating better quality products. Moreover, Hamel and Breen (2013) portrays that the scientific management theory also replaces the old system of the Directorate rule of thumb method and helps in developing healthy cooperation between the management and the labor. In this way, industrial disputes can be reduced and the mutual trust and confidence can be enhanced. In recent times, application of this theory is implemented as it leads to the accomplishment of the work in lesser time and the completion of products is done in lesser times. Thus, delay in the final production can be avoided. Janoski (2015) furthermore, mentions that by dividing the total working procedure into smaller parts ensures the probability of the occurrence of mistakes in the production line and every department can plan effectively to be tter utilize the resources for manufacturing quality products. However, in the above mentioned example, Taylor (2013) stated that due to Fordism theory, the employee feels more pressure on them as they do not have the option to slow down or take rest. Waldow (2015) moreover argues that, even though Taylor theory leads to high productivity, the employee cannot resist the stress for a longer time and quit after a point of time. This can be overcome by providing them high wages so that employee can work under the stressful situation. Janoski (2015) also states that high wages allow a man to fulfill their basic needs along with the luxurious desires in their life. In addition to that, due to excessive job standardization, the loss of individuals initiative is noted. Hu (2013) explains that as all the operational functionality, regarding the job is defined and guidelines are provided to the employee, they are meant to follow that instruction. This not only leads to boredom among the working personnel, but it diminished the creative changes of them to invent a more optimized way. Grachev and Rakitsky (2013) thus, states that there is no fixed way to accomplish the organizational goals and an effective way should be carried out that matches with the culture and the working procedure of the organization. This can be related to the concept of contingency theory. Bell et al. (2015) highlighted that according to Taylor's scientific management theory, the leaders forces the employee to follow certain guidelines and resembles an autocratic management style. However, contingency theory, the stakeholders wish is also considered and the culture of the organization is formulated according to that. This theory believes that of the employees are the crucial asset of the organization and have to be valued for their effort. Moreover, an organization can attain significant competitive advantage if they adopt recent technology and procedure to work. Bell and Martin (2012) mentions that contingency theory thus adopts and employs strategic thinking to mitigate potential risks. Moreover, Grachev and Rakitsky (2013) states that in recent times, the concept of scientific management theory is used in some of the industrial organizations but managers of other contemporary company that they focus on their existing roles and ability and then provide job roles and responsibility. Psychologist Fred Fielder, proposed that effective leaders should utilize their own style of leadership depending on the right situation. Thus, Mikes and Kaplan (2014) portrays that the effectiveness of the group is dependent upon two factors- task motivation/relation motivation and circumstances. According to this theory, managing authorities emphasizes on building good rapport and interpersonal relationships with their subordinates and it denotes the paternalisticstyle of the manager compared to the aristocrat leadership style Fiedler (2015). In this way, the leader can be able to formulate an effective approach for handling a crucial problem and satisfy client needs; however, suffers f rom a problem that employee can take advantage of their managers cooperativeness and their working procedure can be slowed down (Aitken 2014). Thus, concluding that the scientific theory is the better option than the contingency theory. Furthermore, assigning different roles and responsibilities to skilled employees must have to be an integral component of a manager's job; however, using the scientific management theory this is hard to achieve as the managers impose a particular style of working procedure to the employee. Thus, it results in outright project failure irrespective of the fact that the proposed strategy is implemented accordingly. Hamel and Breen (2013) depicted that as the demands of the products among communal is changing, the working procedures should also be changed. This change cannot be achieved if an organization follows a conventional procedure. Contingency theory on the other hand, looks for better opportunity and values the employee behavior to accomplish goals and meet client demands. However, it is also evident that more dependency to the employees leads in low production of the organization and hence it is required to provide a set of rules that should be followed. Moreover, several legislations are also proposed as employees always have the intention to disobey the rules that lead to a great loss for the organization (Bell et al. 2015). Thus, it is best to propose a set of procedures so that employee can accomplish their work in a pretended manner so that everyones ability can be evaluated and it can be assessed whether they can fulfill the organizational goals and objectives (Taylor 2013). In this way, it will be easy to obtain high productivity in less time that result in high financial benefits to the organization. Conclusion Thus, it can be stated that, in conventional times, using Taylor's scientific management theory, the production line in manufacturing company was enhanced. However, implementation of this theory results in boredom among employees and they possess the intention to quit. This strict method of the management resembles autocratic leadership skills where the employees are not valued more but in another theory that is the contingency theory, where the managing authorities value the perception of their employee and allocate them jobs according to their abilities and skills. This theory also signifies the adoption of recent technology and makes changes in the organizational policies and procedure according to the modern demand of the market. However, this adoption of recent technology also allows the employee to find gaps for not following the rules and disobey them. This results in negative impact of the organizations profitability and thus it is better to guide them based on a proposed set if rules that is done conventionally by Taylor. Thus, Taylors scientific management theory is better than the contingency theory. Reference List Aitken, H.G., 2014.Scientific Management in Action: Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal, 1908-1915. Princeton University Press. Bell, R.L. and Martin, J.S., 2012. The relevance of scientific management and equity theory in everyday managerial communication situations.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,13(3). Bell, R.L., Kennebrew, D. and Blyden, L., 2015. An Increasing Utility for the Early Management Approaches. Chavez, R., Gimenez, C., Fynes, B., Wiengarten, F. and Yu, W., 2013. Internal lean practices and operational performance: The contingency perspective of industry clockspeed.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(5), pp.562-588. Fiedler, F., 2015. Contingency theory of leadership.Organizational Behavior 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership, p.232. Grachev, M. and Rakitsky, B., 2013. Historic horizons of Frederick Taylor's scientific management.Journal of Management History,19(4), pp.512-527. Hamel, G. and Breen, B., 2013.The future of management. Harvard Business Press. Hu, S.J., 2013. Evolving paradigms of manufacturing: From mass production to mass customization and personalization.Procedia CIRP,7, pp.3-8. Janoski, T., 2015. The New Division of Labor as Lean Production.International Journal of Sociology,45(2), pp.85-94. Mikes, A. and Kaplan, R.S., 2014, October. Towards a contingency theory of enterprise risk management. AAA. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Taylor, R.B., 2013.Family medicine: principles and practice. Springer Science Business Media. Waldow, F., 2015. From Taylor to Tyler to no child left behind: legitimating educational standards.Prospects,45(1), pp.49-62. Witzel, M. and Warner, M., 2015. Taylorism revisited: Culture, management theory and paradigm-shift.Cambridge Judge Business SchoolWorking paper number 01/2015.

Monday, March 23, 2020

Vision Statement Essay Example

Vision Statement Essay The 21st century is shaped by the eclectic interplay of political, cultural, social, economic, environmental, moral and other factors; The rapid development and change of factors like globalization, technological explosion, the impact of supranational organizations, changing economic and demographic patterns all work together to define and shape the 21st century’s events, decisions and goals. These factors shape the agenda and inform opinions in the 21st century.In the face of all these forces one cannot afford to be ignorant and negligent of the trends. I have to analyze the current trends, and extrapolate/project myself into the future. While I may not be accurate in my predictions, I believe at least I will have a somewhat reliable guide in the goals I set. I agree that things will seldom turn out as we anticipate them to. When we allow ourselves the marginal error, we put ourselves at a safer position not to suffer disappointments. To me, the major thing is not to be accur ate but to be within the bracket of correctness; to remain competitively relevant on the global map. For I am aware that if I do not endeavor to remain relevant, I risk suffering obsoleteness just like the revolutionizing science of Einstein made some Newtonian ideas obsolete and totally irrelevant. My values should be able to fit within the larger picture of the globe.I seek to ensure that my values, despite the decay we are witnessing, will be described at least by majority as not the best but excellent. While the rapid civilization is causing a moral catastrophe, my moral sanity is vital and I will not allow whatever aspect of life to corrupt it. I will jealousy guard it. When it comes to my moral vision, I’m certain my ideals of what is morally excellent will stand the test of time.Everyone will agree that it is not possible to predict all possible developments just as Castells says, we use past experience to envision possible future scenarios. I am working hard to stay a lert to keep a breast with the rapid changes. Jim pinto says â€Å"just as America come to prominence in the early decades of the 20th century, china, India, and other developing countries are coming alive †¦ America needs to re-structure and re-energize at home to compete in the new global environment† Re-shaping the world in the 21st century). This tells me how I should remain constantly progressive, otherwise, even if I on the right track, I stop moving, I will get run over. . I have to muster my future. This Excerpt captures how everyone including those in the perceivably most emerging trends otherwise there is the risk of being irrelevant. Nathan (1986), speaks of new technologies as building blocks shaped by forces that cannot be foreseen.I am aware that success takes time and the sustained personal effort and commitment. Looking a head, I see an over whelming case for making that effort. My backgrounds should not jeopardize my focus and my target. Samuelson (1997) says, â€Å"We must remember that our culture and circumstances create the climate for continued technological innovation.†A number of predictions are made, which include: 1.Information technologies will become small enough to implant into our bodies. Tiny implanted chips will serve as a combination credit card, passport, drivers license, and personal diary.2. Future offices may look like hotel lobbies or restaurants. While much teamwork can be done remotely with the help of teleconferencing and other communications technologies, many people will still need and want to meet face-to-face. Lobbies, living rooms, outdoor cafes, and other places where people enjoy meeting each other may become the models for the office of tomorrow. Gunn and Burroughs, Mar/Apr 96, p. 24.(3)Temporary help may be a permanent hiring trend. The use of temps in the United States has increased 240% in the past decade and will likely increase as companies look for strategic ways to remain flexible. Just -in-time work may also benefit employees: Job seekers can gain experience in a wider variety of organizational settings, develop more skills, and build up a long list of references. Mar/Apr 96, p. 6, and Barner, p. 16. In the face of globalization, I have to set ambitious but realizable goals.4.Retirement may soon be a thing of the past. Reasons: Most older people need to feel useful, especially after their families no longer demand their daily attention; most jobs no longer require strenuous physical labor; and businesses will seek to retain their experienced older workers.(www.wfs.org/outlook.htm.)Other innovative products that are likely to come up include: Next-generation television, Electronic wallet, Home health monitor, Smart maps and tracking devices, Smart materialssensors that detect stress in bridges, buildings, among others: Weight-control and anti-aging productsranging from genetic cures for baldness to nutritionally enhanced fruits and vegetables; Never-owned, leased-o nly productshigh-definition, wall-sized flat screens for information, communication, and entertainment. With all this emerging technologies, life is bound to be better as anew society emerges. The Interstate Highway Act of 1956 provided for construction. The 42,000-mile interstate highway system represents the largest single civil engineering project in history. The greater mobility provided society by the car resulted in significant changes in social behavior and a decentralization of social activities (Arnold, 1983). I have no reason to not to think of another major invention of a transport system and a mode that may even replace aircrafts or make them appear ineffective. And this is likely to lead to further changes in social behaviors.I am aware that the success or failure of the poor people around me will have a profound influence on my goals and that is fully I do all I can to faster shared commitments and effort with those around me for I knew synergy pays off.   Some of th e targets in 21st century include:-Economic well-being a reduction by one-half in the proportion of people living in extreme poverty by 2015 with only 7 years left are we anything near there?-Universal primary education in all countries by 2015. This means there will be more elites and one has to remain watchful to remain competitive in the education world.-Reversing of current environmental resources trends at both global and rational levels by 2015. The Power of Identity (1997, 112), Manuel Castells identifies some facets of environmentalism as a social movement, for instance,† Save the Planet groups, such as Green peace, mount campaigns to capture public attention about specific environmental issues (such as the excesses of the whaling industry and destruction of the ozone layer).http://www.unep.org/Geo/geo1/exsum/ex1.htm)Most of these challenges and problems are likely to be solved in the 21st century but certainly in our quest to solve this problems, will culminate in mod ern challenges and problems. I want it that when I overcome one barrier, that will result in another for instance solving environmental riddles should not result in economic declines.Looking at the current position of technology everyone will see a possibility of a technological leap in the next decade or so. New standards of technology are likely to be reached. As I go to bed everyday I only pray that I will not wake up to find myself irrelevant in the world of technology. It is like every thing is getting computerized-we can only hope robots will not replace manpower. This compels me to make my commitment to excellence ranging from technological to economic my private. I am challenged to exceed the rigorous standards in every aspects of life. This then implies that I have to brace up my enthusiasm for lifelong learning and should not be limited to the boundaries of my classroom.Communications technologies that can quickly link all parts of the world have led to the rise of a globa l economy and a global perspective. Nation-states no longer singularly control their monetary policy. The International Monetary Fund can dictate fiscal policies in some Third World nations in the interests of global economic stability.National competitiveness is still a factor in the global arena; nation-states continue to use their regulatory powers to protect their capital and commodities and to promote the interests of multinational corporations that consider the state home base.I see the drastic development as a challenge and opportunity of great worth. Collaboration with those around me is inevitable and must appropriate the available resources to maximize benefits and keep loses as low as possible. The end of isolationist policy of the United States during the Cold War, the growing interdependence of financial and currency markets, the transnationalization of production by both multinational corporations and trade networks all reflect how fast our society is changing.Competit ion is cutthroat and therefore resources and opportunities will be scarce and survival will be for the fittest as Charles Darwin puts it.With the increased agitation for human rights, (http://www.amnesty.org/aboutai/udhr.htm), globalization, environmental awareness, change of focus to development, peace movements and technological explosion, I hope the world will unite more and the civil wars we are witnessing decrease drastically, hoping that Iran will not use its nuclear to destroy the world.I am given to the conviction that the difference between our dreams and their accomplishment is the desire. I have the desire to see the realization of my ideals and writing can hold me back. I will go forth and grab all the opportunities that can help me get there. I envision a life characterized by excellence in all dimensions. I believe success hinges on a passion for excellence. In conclusion, I want to sit when the world lies, to stand when the world sits, when the world stands I want to be the standard.

Friday, March 6, 2020

Biography of Wilfred Owen, a Poet in Wartime

Biography of Wilfred Owen, a Poet in Wartime Wilfred Owen (March 18, 1893- Nov. 4, 1918) was a compassionate poet whos work provides the finest description and critique of the soldiers experience during World War One. He was killed towards the end of the conflict in Ors, France.   Wilfred Owens Youth Wilfred Owen was born to an apparently wealthy family; however, within two years his grandfather died on the verge of bankruptcy and, missing his support, the family were forced into poorer housing at Birkenhead. This fallen status left a permanent impression on Wilfreds mother, and it may have combined with her staunch piety to produce a child who was sensible, serious, and who struggled to equate his wartime experiences with Christian teachings. Owen studied well at schools in Birkenhead and, after another family move, Shrewsbury- where he even helped to teach- but he failed the University of Londons entrance exam. Consequently, Wilfred became lay assistant to the vicar of Dunsden- an Oxfordshire parish- under an arrangement designed so the vicar would tutor Owen for another attempt at University. Early Poetry Although commentators differ as to whether Owen started writing at the age 10/11 or 17, he was certainly producing poems during his time at Dunsden; conversely, the experts agree that Owen favored literature, as well as Botany, at school, and that his main poetic influence was Keats. The Dunsden poems exhibit the compassionate awareness so characteristic of Wilfred Owens later war poetry, and the young poet found considerable material in the poverty and death he observed working for the church. Indeed, Wilfred Owens written compassion was often very close to morbidity. Mental Problems Wilfreds service in Dunsden may have made him more aware of the poor and less fortunate, but it didnt encourage a fondness for the church: away from his mothers influence he became critical of evangelical religion and intent on a different career, that of literature. Such thoughts led to a difficult and troubled period during January 1913, when Wilfred and Dunsdens vicar appear to have argued, and - or because perhaps as a result of - Owen suffered a near nervous breakdown. He left the parish, spending the following summer recovering. Travel During this period of relaxation Wilfred Owen wrote what critics often label his first war-poem - Uriconium, an Ode - after visiting an archaeological dig. The remains were Roman, and Owen described ancient combat with especial reference to the bodies he observed being unearthed. However, he failed to gain a scholarship to university and so left England, traveling to the continent and a position teaching English at the Berlitz school in Bordeaux. Owen was to remain in France for over two years, during which time he began a collection of poetry: it was never published. 1915- Wilfred Owen Enlists in the Army Although war seized Europe in 1914, it was only in 1915 that Owen considered the conflict to have expanded so considerably that he was needed by his country, whereupon he returned to Shrewsbury in September 1915, training as a private at Hare Hall Camp in Essex. Unlike many of the wars early recruits, the delay meant Owen was partly aware of the conflict he was entering, having visited a hospital for the wounded and having seen the carnage of modern warfare first-hand; however he still felt removed from events. Owen moved to the Officers school in Essex during the March of 1916 before joining the Manchester Regiment in June, where he was graded 1st Class Shot on a special course. An application to the Royal Flying Corps was rejected, and on December 30th 1916, Wilfred traveled to France, joining the 2nd Manchesters on January 12th 1917. They were positioned near Beaumont Hamel, on the Somme. Wilfred Owen Sees Combat Wilfreds own letters describe the following few days better than any writer or historian could hope to manage, but it is sufficient to say Owen and his men held a forward position, a muddy, flooded dug-out, for fifty hours as an artillery and shells raged around them. Having survived this, Owen remained active with the Manchesters, nearly getting frost bite in late January, suffering concussion in March- he fell through shell-damaged land into a cellar at Le Quesnoy-en-Santerre, earning him a trip behind the lines to hospital- and fighting in bitter combat at St. Quentin a few weeks later. Shell Shock at Craiglockhart It was after this latter battle, when Owen was caught in an explosion, that soldiers reported him acting rather strangely; he was diagnosed as having shell-shock and sent back to England for treatment in May. Owen arrived at the, now famous, Craiglockhart War Hospital on June 26th, an establishment sited outside Edinburgh. Over the next few months Wilfred wrote some of his finest poetry, the result of several stimuli. Owens doctor, Arthur Brock, encouraged his patient to overcome shell-shock by working hard at his poetry and editing The Hydra, Craiglockharts magazine. Meanwhile, Owen met another patient, Siegfried Sassoon, an established poet whose recently published war work inspired Wilfred and whose encouragement guided him; the exact debt owed by Owen to Sassoon is unclear, but the former certainly improved far beyond the latters talents. Owens War Poetry In addition, Owen was exposed to the cloyingly sentimental writing and attitude of non-combatants who glorified the war, an attitude to which Wilfred reacted with fury. Further fueled by nightmares of his wartime experiences, Owen wrote classics like Anthem for Doomed Youth, rich and multi-layered works characterized by a brutal honesty and deep compassion for the soldiers/victims, many of which were direct ripostes to other authors. Its important to note that Wilfred wasnt a simple pacifist- indeed, on occasions he railed against them- but a man sensitive to the burden of soldiery. Owen may have been self-important before the war- as betrayed by his letters home from France- but there is no self-pity in his war work. Owen Continues to Write While in the Reserves Despite a low number of publications, Owens poetry was now attracting attention, prompting supporters to request non-combat positions on his behalf, but these requests were turned down. Its questionable as to whether Wilfred would have accepted them: his letters reveal a sense of obligation, that he had to do his duty as poet and observe the conflict in person, a feeling exacerbated by Sassoons renewed injuries and return from the front. Only by fighting could Owen earn respect, or escape the easy slurs of cowardice, and only a proud war-record would protect him from detractors. Owen Returns to the Front and Is Killed Owen was back in France by September- again as a company commander- and on September 29th he captured a machine gun position during an attack on the Beaurevoir-Fonsomme Line, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. After his battalion was rested in early October Owen saw in action again, his unit operating around the Oise-Sambre canal. Early in the morning of November 4th Owen led an attempt to cross the canal; he was struck and killed by enemy fire. Aftermath Owens death was followed by one of World War Ones most iconic stories: when the telegram reporting his demise was delivered to his parents, the local church bells could be heard ringing in celebration of the armistice. A collection of Owens poems was soon created by Sassoon, although the numerous different versions, and the attendant difficulty in working out which were Owens drafts and which were his preferred edits, led to two new editions in the early 1920s. The definitive edition of Wilfreds work may well be Jon Stallworthys Complete Poems and Fragments from 1983, but all justify Owens long-lasting acclaim. The War Poetry The poetry is not for everyone, for within Owen combines graphic descriptions of trench life- gas, lice, mud, death- with an absence of glorification; dominant themes include the return of bodies to the earth, hell and the underworld. Wilfred Owens poetry is remembered as reflecting the real life of the soldier, although critics and historians argue over whether he was overwhelming honest or overly scared by his experiences. He was certainly compassionate, a word repeated throughout this biography and texts on Owen in general, and works like Disabled, focusing on the motives and thoughts of soldiers themselves, provide ample illustration of why. Owens poetry is certainly free of the bitterness present in several historians monographs on the conflict, and he is generally acknowledged as being the both the most successful, and best, poet of wars reality. The reason why may be found in the preface to his poetry, of which a drafted fragment was found after Owens death: Yet these elegies are not to this generation, this is in no sense consolatory. They may be to the next. All a poet can do today is to warn. That is why the true Poets must be truthful. (Wilfred Owen, Preface) Notable Family of Wilfred Owen Father: Tom OwenMother: Susan Owen

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Ethical Issue. Organ donation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue. Organ donation - Term Paper Example Often, brain dead individuals who are still breathing and whose hearts have not yet stopped beating are deemed as dead and their organs are retrieved with the consent of their closest relatives. The question here is – how can a person be defined as dead? And whether relatives who are grieving the death of a loved one be allowed to go through the harassing and mentally painful proceedings of donating the organs of their loved one while he/she is still at the death bed? Even more remorseful is the situation wherein the organs of a dead individual are removed prior to sending the body to his/her home for a funeral. Most countries around the world have laws that presume that an individual is ready to donate organs upon death, unless he/she registers against donation, beforehand. This law is in force in many European and Asian countries such as Spain and Singapore, due to which the rates of organ donation are very high in these countries (Abouna 56). In case of living individuals, there are other causes of concern. It is often seen that family members coerce a healthy individual, whose organ matches that of a needy relative, into donating an organ against his/her wish. Although most countries have banned forced organ donation and coercion, familial pressure and emotional blackmail lead most individuals into doing so, reluctantly. In another scenario, economically backward individuals sell their organs for money. This brings forth another cause of concern as rich individuals in need of organs can easily exploit the poor. Organ donation is thus a huge problem and the issues are not just ethical but also economical, political and social. Donation by living persons falls in three categories – Directed donation to a relative, Directed donation to a stranger and Non-directed donation in which an organ is donated to a general pool and transplanted to a needy individual on top of the waiting list (Truog 444). Each of these donations has its own

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Ecomonics Assignment - Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecomonics - Questions - Assignment Example C) Zero opportunity cost. D) Constant opportunity cost. E) Infinite opportunity cost. 3) Which one of the following would lead to an increase in the demand for hamburgers? A) a rise in the price of French fries, a complement of hamburgers B) a decrease in consumer income if hamburgers are a normal good C) a news report that hamburgers can cause skin diseases D) a decrease in population size E) a new fad hamburger diet 4) The marginal cost (MC) curve intersects the   A) AVC and AFC curves at their minimum points.   B) TC and TVC curves at their minimum points.   C) ATC and AFC curves at their minimum points.   D) ATC, AVC, and AFC curves at their minimum points.   E) ATC and AVC curves at their minimum points. 5) Total cost is $20 at 4 units of output and $36 at 6 units of output. Between 4 and 6 units of output, marginal cost A) Equals average total cost.   B) Is less than average total cost.   C) is greater than average total cost.   D) Equals to average variable cos t.   E) Equals average fixed cost. 6) Marginal cost ________. A) Increases at low outputs until it reaches its maximum value, then remains constant B) decreases at low outputs and increases at high outputs C) is constantly decreasing, but as output increases it decreases by smaller and smaller amounts D) is constantly increasing, but as output increases it increases by smaller and smaller amounts E) decreases at low outputs until it reaches its minimum value, then remains constant 7) A consumer choosing between apples and oranges is at her best affordable point. Then the price of apples decreases. If both apples and oranges are normal goods, which one of the following statements is true about her new best affordable point? She will consume more apples and fewer oranges.   B) She will consume more apples, and we cannot tell whether she will consume more or less oranges.   C) She will consume fewer apples and fewer oranges.   D) She will consume fewer apples and more oranges.à ‚   E) She will consume more apples and more oranges. 8) If income decreases, the budget line   A) becomes flatter.   B) Shifts leftward and parallel to the original budget line.   C) becomes steeper.   D) Shifts rightward and parallel to the original budget line.   E) Shifts parallel either leftward or rightward depending on whether the goods measured on the axes are normal or inferior. 9) A consumer's best affordable point occurs   A) at a point that cannot be determined.   B) Inside the budget line.   C) Outside the budget line.   D) On the budget line.   E) At a corner on the budget line, with only one good consumed. 10) Larry consumes only beer (B) and chips (C). If beer is measured on the vertical axis, the relative price of chips in terms of beer is all of the following except: A) the magnitude of the slope of the budget line B) equal to the opportunity cost of 1 bag of chips C) the real income in terms of beer D) PC/PB E) the inverse of the relative price of beer in terms of chips 11) When the price elasticity of demand is ________, demand for the good is elastic.   A) greater than 1 B) between 1 and zero C) equal to infinity D) equal to zero

Sunday, January 26, 2020

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka | Analysis

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka | Analysis The Metamorphosis written by a German man by the name of Franz Kafka is a prime example of a modernist story. The writing takes on many different aspects of the modern era, with topics on psychoanalysis; breaking down the components of Gregors thoughts, physics, and it also has some what of a political issue on what is the modern world. Gregor Samsas dilemma unfolds very abruptly. The first sentence of the story tells you that he had been changed into a monstrous verminous bug. The breakdown and psychoanalysis of Gregors realization that he is now a bug is very strange in the fact that he almost doesnt seem to think it is much of an issue. When he awakes to find himself in the form of a giant insect he wonders Whats happened to me but then his attention is drifted to the picture on the wall and from that to the loud audible rain coming from outside. At this point in his dilemma you would think that his mind would be full of insanity, but not Gregor Samsa he thinks of it as all foolishness and even considers going back to sleep. In going back to sleep Gregors problem isnt the horrid fact that hes now a bug it is instead that in this bug form it is hard for him to sleep on his side, which is the side that he is comfortable with. The dynamics of physics is added to the book in describing his now bug body. It describes his armor-hard back, his arched abdomen that is now divided into bow-like sections. It also goes on to tell about his many leg and how they compare to his massive bug body. All the descriptions give a vivid imagery of the physics of a horrid insect. In a modern world of money and politics where there is a breadwinner of the household Gregor realizes that he has missed his train making getting to work improbable. His income is the means by which the household stays a household. In the apartment with Gregor is his younger sister Grete, his father and his sick mother of which their names are not announced. In this political world Gregor Samsa is basically forced to work a job he hates at a business he hates even more with a terrible boss. After the collapse of Gregors fathers business Gregor had to take up the responsibility of paying off his fathers debts to his boss. Gregors father is very upset with the fact that he doesnt work and feels ashamed for not being the provider as he feels the father should be. Once the realization that Gregor as a giant insect can hardly have or hold down a job sets in the father again gets to step back into the lime light as the breadwinner and provider. Gregor begins to become useless to his family in his present form. The psychological effect that Gregor has on his family is one of fear and disgust. His younger sister Grete tries to help at first by feeding him everyday and showing sympathy but after a while it just become too much for Grete to handle. Gregors appearance does not help with his mothers health and this sometimes excites fits of violence in his father. In one instance his father become irate and pelts Gregor with fruit injuring and making it hard for him to walk. Grete and Gregors fathers feelings over the effect that Gregors mother, her only son that is now an insect is making her health worse and worse and leaves Grete and her father to resent Gregor. As days go on and pass he is more and more separated and isolated from his family because of what he has become. Sometimes the family would leave his door ajar to make it seem like he was closer and in some way in the other room with them. After the wounds given to Gregor by his father the family begins to neglect him. The family takes in three loggers and use the room Gregor is in as a storage space adding insult to injury as if he wasnt there and was already gone. Gregor stays in his room in crippling pain wasting away day by day wishing he had some way to express the feeling and emotions of being a bug and the things like how he wants to encourage his younger sister Gretes violin talents. Later in the story even more of his human interests coincide with the giant bug of a man that he has become. When the rhythm of the music being played on a violin in the parlor by Grete he becomes very excited. The music coming from the parlor sways him from his room and he cannot help but to dance his way into the parlor. When the loggers catch site of him the family cannot handle it any longer and in that is the breaking point for the family. After the incident in the parlor Grete conveys to the rest of the family that there is no longer a Gregor but now just an insect. She suggests that they give up on the i dea of Gregor ever being human again and with remorse they all agree. Later that night abandoned Gregor creeps back into his room where he dies with the mind of a human and the physical body of a disgusting insect. The book The Metamorphosis is a classic modernist/postmodernist story with examples found in all aspects of the genera and era. Conveying topics such as the mind of a man who to no ones reasoning wakes up as a bug, and the analysis of his psyche. Along with the modern world and its problems with debts, and the politics behind them. German man Franz Kafka was able to link the world of modernism/postmodernism as examples from the book being of psychoanalysis, physics, and politics through the life and death of a bug-man.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Natural Resources of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is largely ethnically homogeneous. Indeed, its name derives from the Bengali ethno-linguistic group, which comprises 98% of the population. Bengalis, who also predominate in the West Bengal province of India, are one of the most populous ethnic groups in the world. Variations in Bengali culture and language do exist of course. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million.Religiously, about 90% of Bangladeshis are Muslims and the remainders are mostly Hindus. Bangladesh became one of the large nation states in 1971when it seceded from Pakistan. Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, modern-day Bangladesh was part of ancient, classical, medieval and colonial India. Since independence, the government has experienced periods of democratic and military rule. The founding leader of the country and its first president was S heikh Mujibur Rahman. His daughter Sheikh Hasina Wazed is currently the prime minister, as leader of the Awami League.Physical features of Bangladesh Location & size Bangladesh is situated in southern Asia, on the delta of the 2 largest rivers on the Indian subcontinent—the Ganges and Jamuna (Brahmaputra). It borders with India in the west, north, and east, with Burma (also known as Myanmar) in the southeast, and with the Bay of Bengal in the south. The country's area is 144,000 square kilometers (55,598 square miles), and it is divided into 6 administrative divisions (Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Barisal, Rajshai and Sylhet) and 4 major municipal corporations (Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi).Comparatively, the territory of Bangladesh is slightly greater than the state of New York. Bangladesh's capital city, Dhaka, is located in the central part of the country. Bangladesh occupies the eastern part of the Bengal region (the western part of the region is occupied by the I ndian state of West Bengal), which historically was part of the great civilizations in the northeast of the Indian subcontinent. Climate of Bangladesh Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon-type climate, with a hot and rainy summer and a dry winter.January is the coolest month with temperatures averaging near 26 deg C (78 d F) and April the warmest with temperatures from 33 to 36 deg C (91 to 96 deg F). The climate is one of the wettest in the world. Most places receive more than 1,525 mm of rain a year, and areas near the hills receive 5,080 mm ). Most rains occur during the monsoon (June-September) and little in winter (November-February). Bangladesh is subject to devastating cyclones, originating over the Bay of Bengal, in the periods of April to May and September to November. Often accompanied by surging waves, these storms can cause great damage and loss of life.The cyclone of November 1970, in which about 500,000 lives were lost in Bangladesh, was one of the worst natural disasters of the country in the 20th century. Bangladesh has warm temperatures throughout the year, with relatively little variation from month to month. January tends to be the coolest month and May the warmest. In Dhaka the average January temperature is about 19Â °C (about 66Â °F), and the average May temperature is about 29Â °C (about 84Â °F). Surface water inflow and river system of Bangladesh Surface Water made up of rivers, streams, lakes, beels and ponds.In other words, all waters on the surface of the earth including fresh and salt water, ice and snow. In Bangladesh, rainfall and trans-boundary river flows are the main sources of surface water. Bangladesh has an average annual surface flow of about 1,073 million acre feet (MAF), of which about 870 MAF (93%) are received from India as inflow and rest 203 MAF (7%) as rainfall. This water is enough to cover the entire country to a depth of 9. 14m. About 132 MAF (65% of rainfall and 12% of total) are lost in evaporation (114. 30 cm) and the rest flows to the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh has about 700 rivers ncluding tributaries and distributaries, which crisis-cross the landscape and creates about 98,000 ha of inland water bodies and more than 24,000 km streams or water channels. Of these, 54 rivers, including the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, originate from India and 3 originate from Myanmar. About 93% catchment areas of these 58 rivers are beyond Bangladesh, while only 7% is in Bangladesh. During the dry season when irrigation is necessary, these rivers either flow at their lowest levels or become dry in the Bangladesh portion, due to upstream barrages, built in the upper riparian region.The principal rivers of Bangladesh are the Padma, the Megna, The Jamuna, and the Brahamaputra. The Dhaleswari and the Karnafuli. Besides, there are many small rivers like the Buriganga, the Sitallakya, the Gumti, the Tista, the Atrai, the Kortoa, The Mohananda, the Madhumati and many others. They have tributaries as well. Improta nce and usefulness: The rivers are of great help to us. Our agriculture depends on the rivers. The rivers supply water and make the land fertile by depositing silt. Thus they help to produce paddy, jute, wheat and many other crop. The rivers also help our irrigation.Our rivers are a great source of wealth. The rivers abounded in fishes. Fish is an important food of our country. Many people earn their livelihood by catching fish in the rivers. Our rivers are important means for transport too. Boats, launches, steamers ply through them in all seasons. They carry passengers and goods from one place to another. These rivers also help our trade and commerce. Pattern of agriculture Bangladesh is primarily an agrarian economy. Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of economy since it comprises about 30% of the country's GDP and employing around 60% of the total labor force.The performance of this sector has an overwhelming impact on major macroeconomic objectives like employme nt generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10. 33%, 10. 11% and 7. 33% respectively. Bangladesh is the largest producer of Jute.Rice being the staple food, its production is of major importance. Rice production stood at 20. 3 million tons in 1996-97 fiscal year. Crop diversification program, credit, extension and research, and input distribution policies pursued by the government are yielding positive results. The country is now on the threshold of attaining self-sufficiency in food grain production. Types of forest Forestry is a sub-sector of agriculture in Bangladesh, which m akes a contribution to the national economy and is supposed to promote ecological stability. Although Bangladesh is amazingly green, it is a forest-poor country.Most of its public forestlands are located in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, greater Khulna district, greater Sylhet district, Dhaka, Mymensingh and Tangail districts. Half of Bangladesh does not have public forests at all. Homestead forests seen around almost all households are important for the rural communities. They meet a significant portion of fuel wood need and house construction materials, among other things. Although it is estimated that Bangladesh has approximately 6% of its land covered with public forests, actually very little of natural forests is left today except for those in the Sundarbans in Khulna.The plantations are not to be considered as forests. The three main types of public forests are: (i) Tropical evergreen or semi-evergreen forest in the eastern districts of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Sylhet, and the Ch ittagong Hill Tracts region; (ii) moist or dry deciduous forests also known as sal (Shorea robusta) forests located mainly in the central plains and the freshwater areas in the northwest region; and (iii) Tidal mangrove forests along the coast – the Sundarbans in the southwest of the Khulna and other mangrove patches in the Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Noakhali coastal belt. Mineral resources Although Bangladesh is a small country, it has a number of mineral resources such as natural gas, oil, coal, hard rock, limestone, white clay, glass sand and mineral sand. At present, natural gas is the only mineral commodity significantly contributing to the national economy. More than 90% of the country’s energy needs are met by gas, total reserves of which are 21. 35 trillion cubic feet (TCF) and 12. 43 TCF, respectively.Huge reserves of hard rock (granodiorite, quartzdiorite, gneiss) and coal in northwest Bangladesh will help, in the near future, to meet the growing demand for construction materials and energy for the ever-growing population. Total coal reserves are 1753 million tons (MT), the market value of which is more than US$110 billion. Hard rock reserves are 115 million tons, valued at over US$3 billion. Fully fledged extraction of these resources would help to alleviate the country’s poverty through industrialization.It is expected that coal will soon be extracted on a commercial basis, of which 70 to 80% will be used in power generation. The mineral resources so far found in Bangladesh are meagre in comparison to its high population. To meet the growing demand of the population, more mineral resources need to be discovered and developed, otherwise sustainable development cannot be achieved. However, it is difficult for developing countries like Bangladesh to carry out the necessary activities for exploration and exploitation of hidden mineral resources without foreign assistance. This is a major drawback for Bangladesh.To progress towards an endurable sustainable society, a nation such as Bangladesh must give priority to the development of its existing mineral resources, which can play a major role in helping to reshape the country’s socio-economic infrastructure. Industrial set up In 1972, the year after its establishment, Bangladesh nationalized most of its industries and set up nine corporate conglomerates to oversee the state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The lack of commercial orientation inhibited investment and growth, including in the traditional jute industry, and the emerging leader, the garment industry.From the mid-1980s, the government shifted to encouraging private investment, but the industrial sector remained closely regulated. In 1991, in the post-Cold War international environment, and with the end of military rule, the government inaugurated a new Industrial Policy planning investment liberalization, the interim restructuring of several large parastatals, as well as the gradual privatization of public enterprises in all but the airways, railways, and mining sectors.Political resistance to privatization was very strong, and in the early 1990s restructuring resulted in some output decline. With a new government, in the period 1996–2001, 33 SOEs were sold by the state, but the Economist Intelligence Unit reported that these were smaller operations, and that the divestments did not significantly lessen the government's dominance of the industrial sector. Recent discoveries of large natural gas reserves and plans for new power plants throughout the country were slated to boost industrial growth in 2000 and beyond.However, as of late 2002, plans for the development of natural gas resources continue to be delayed by political rows over the participation of foreign companies. Density and distribution of population In 2010, Bangladesh was estimated to be one of the ten most highly populated countries with an estimated population of just fewer than 160 million. This makes th e population density of about 875 people per sq km (2,267 people per sq mi) higher than other countries.Most of the population is young with about 60 percent under the age of 25, with only about 3 percent over the age of 65 (life expectancy is 61 years). Twenty percent of the population was deemed to be urban in 1998, making population of Bangladesh predominantly rural. Bengalis make up the majority of population of Bangladesh. They are descendants from immigrant Indo-Aryans who came from the west and intermarried with various Bengal groups.The minority in Bangladesh is comprised of several groups, the Chakma and Mogh (Mongoloid people who live in the Chittagong Hill Tracts District), the Santal (migrants from India) and the Biharis (Muslims who came from India). Conclusion Though Bangladesh is a small country but it has great prospects. It can use its vast population as human resources. It is a beautiful country. It can make an effective use of it to attract tourists. To overcome o bstacles to gain success in all sectors all people and govt. should be cooperative. Corruption, political resentment, indiscipline, dishonesty should be reduced by applying laws.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Haroon Siddiqui

The pages human history daubed in bloodshed of violence in the name of religion, territorial gains etc. are asking the crying question. How to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, heart full of love and the life that refuses conflicts—enough! These alone are enough! In the recorded history of humanity in the last five thousand years, politicians, kings, military generals, religious leaders have miserably failed to solve the important question of achieving peace for mankind. Most of them have acted like proverbial Tom.The teacher asked, â€Å"Tom, why are you answering every question with another question? † â€Å"Why not? † was Tom’s reply—again a question! If the purpose of the book is to tender some facts related to the Muslim population of the world in the light of the post 9/11 calamity, it has achieved some success. In terms of contribution to cementing understanding between other comm unities and the Muslims, it has failed. On issues related to Faith, arguments and counter-arguments have not solved and will never solve the differences. The root cause of deep misunderstanding lies elsewhere.Haroon begins the book with a complaint. He writes, â€Å"The approximately 27 million Muslims living in Western Nations have been targeted in other ways. They have been victims of social profiling and frequent identity mix-ups at air-ports and border crossing, where they may be harassed and sometimes detained. Monitored by both the secret services, and the media, they must be careful about what they say in e-mails, phone conversations in public. †(Siddiqui, 2006, p, 11) This complaint doesn’t carry much weight. These are normal procedures in cases of emergency, in war-like situations, and even during normal times.The 9/11 attack was an extraordinary, war-like act. There is no doubt, the perpetrators of this dastardly act are Muslims—to which terrorist outf it they belonged, is altogether a different issue. In such situations this has happened with all the communities in the world and any student of history can quote examples in abundance in support. Statistics convenient to his view point are presented by Haroon and his language is grudging and full of malice. His opinions are sometimes comparable to that of a fanatic Muslim Preacher sermonizing during the Friday prayers at the mosque but Haroon is talented and educated.The first 2 chapters contain anti-American and anti-Jew propaganda. It is pure political stuff, no literature. Haroon should have no complaints about his childhood. (Most of the Muslim children have). He hailed from an affluent family. He was born in Hyderabad, India, where Muslims very well know the meaning of living in peace and brotherhood. He enjoyed the career in journalism, in an environment of totally free press in a democratic country. He migrated to Canada in 1967, and the authentic start to his international journalistic career began when he joined the Toronto Star, as the foreign affairs analyst.Soon, he was one of Canada’s most honored journalists. He is a human rights specialist, has covered important events like hostage crisis in Iran, Iran-Iraq War, and has traveled to 35 countries. He has interviewed top political leaders of the world. To draw the readers to his point of view, Haroon provides in the book the listing of historical events that angered Muslims and continue to anger them. He reminds the readers that Muslims are 1/5th of the population of the world. He harps on the demerits of the Iraq War, and the psychological and physical tortures of Muslims in USA.To substantiate his claims, he cites serious cases of individual injustice. He writes, â€Å" The administration also fingerprinted and questioned 50,000 Muslims from or associated with Syria, Libya, Iran, Iraq and Sudan†¦Among those arrested was James Lee, a 1990 West Point Military Academy graduate and a Mu slim who was appointed the Muslim Chaplin at Gyantanama Bay. He was hounded because he had warned against mishandling of Muslim prisoners there. In September 2003, he was thrown into solitary confinement and charged with mutiny, sedition, espionage and aiding the enemy. † (Siddiqui, 2006, p. 16)From the academic perspective, this is a good book for the debate class, as it has the potentialities for endless and hot discussions. The contents of the book, like Politics, European Muslims, The Faith, Women, Jihad and terrorism, and the Future provide an array of topics for arguments and counter-arguments. To be fair to Haroon, he condemns with equal vehemence the Islamic fundamentalists, for fanning flames of Islamophobia. He defends the tenets of Islam—and that is what is expected of a good Muslim. He blames the local cultural traditions for the poor conditions and backwardness of the Muslim women, not the Islamic teachings.He advocates for rapid economic reformations of th e Muslims and advocates their rehabilitation, the need to protect their essential dignity and honor. He pleads to go into the root causes of Muslim-misery. He describes with objectivity and depth, what it is to live in post 9/11 America if one is a Muslim. Haroon’s interpretation and comments on Jihad will startle any Realized Soul. Such is his deep understanding of the Jihad concept. Jihad is a struggle, a crusade, he says. From the pure perspective of Muslim religion, it is to strive on the path of God by observing the five essentials of Islam.It is striving to live as a good human being. Haroon talks about the jihad against oneself, ipso facto, the Self-Realization mentioned in the Hindu Scriptures. Jihad is understood in terms of war by most of the Westerners. The common Muslim also understands the concept of Jihad as per this connotation. Actually it is something different says, Haroon. According to him, the jihad is the struggle against the ego, the devil, the jihad of the tongue (propagating the religious tenets of Islam) to spread the word of Islam, of charity, of the pen to spread of knowledge. Viewed from this angle, Jihad seems to be the most benevolent word.When the Westerner thinks about the word jihad, he mostly thinks about as the blood-dripping sword for the cause of spreading Islam and for the destruction of other faiths. But Haroon convinces one that it is the fragrant rose spreading peace on all counts. So bi it! But Muslims as well as non-Muslims need proper counseling about the correct connotation of the word Jihad in the light of explanations given by Haroon. So, Jihad against cleanliness, Jihad for literacy, Jihad against corruption, Jihad against drugs, Jihad against atrocities against women, Jihad against child-labor—why not!Muslims praying five times a day seems an unnecessary exercise for many. But the actual significance of namaz is highlighted by Haroon thus: â€Å"Prayers are designed to raise God-consciousness five times a day, throughout one’s life. Prayers also provide regular exercise – like yoga or Tai Chi or Qigong built into the day – and serve as a calming retreat from the daily demands of life. Muslims thus learn to balance deeni wa dunyavi (the spiritual and the worldly). They can’t abandon one for the other; that’s the essence of their faith. †(Siddiqui, 2006, p. 121) Conclusion:Haroon Siddiqui is a mind-level intellectual and any literary work by such individuals stop at the mind-barrier. But the Truth they are desperately trying to reach is available not for knowing, but for experiencing once one transcends the mind. All the fights, misunderstandings between the Politicians, Preachers of different faiths, Scholars are related to the level of reason. The thought processes of an individual change not by the repetition of scriptural revelations, not by reading or studying more and more books. Experiencing is the ultimate spirituality.It is the lesson beyond all lessons, when the thought processes of an individual change. When the thought processes change, the action process will also change. Misunderstanding of all types will vanish. Such changed action processes will change the society whether it is the Muslim society or the Western Society. Haroon, on many issues elucidated in the book, knocks desperately at the last barrier of the mind, but he is unable to cross it. ============= Works Cited: Siddiqui, Haroon: Book: Being Muslim Hardcover: 144 pages Publisher: Groundwood Books (Aug 17 2006) Language: English ISBN-10: 088899785X ISBN-13: 978-0888997852

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Personal Statement Identifying Professional Goals

Personal Statement: Identifying Professional Goals Like many adult learners, choosing a major is often difficult. With there being so many degrees available and a number of fields to choose from, we often worry about making the wrong choice when it comes to picking a career field of study. This proved to be a definitive struggle for myself, especially early into my college experience but there was always something inside of me that longed to help others. This made my decision to pursue a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing through the accelerated program, a no brainer once I discovered that there was still a way for me to obtain a nursing degree after spending so many years’ prior, pursuing others. My interest in health care has without a doubt been a driving force in my life. My sophomore year of high school, I took the initiative to enroll in health studies and was chosen from numerous other candidates to participate in a work study release program. 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