Charismatic Leader Essay Example for Free

Charismatic Leader EssayThis type of leadership holds a separate of power. In both productive and counterproductive respects. The rhetoric employed to effectively carry out charismatic leadership acts as a double lancinating sword. While it is true that a message delivered in a charismatic manner inspires the followers to implement it with a administer of fervor, but in this comparable zest, there are a lot of important issues that are overlooked and lots of questions ignored. This entails problems when the charisma delivers its desired results, but they still leave a pungent taste in the mouth. In my professional career, I progress to not encountered charismatic leadership neither in the top echelons of power nor in the centre of attention management slots. However, most of us have been affected, and even wowed, by the charismatic skills of Barack Obama, while running for the US Presidency in 2008. Inspirational rhetoric, exceptional oratory skills and narcissistic exce llence were expertly deployed towards millions of people. Perhaps in our lifetimes, it has proven to be a living, breathing example of pure, unadulterated charisma.It was a need of the time and a result of the disillusionment with the last 8 years. But, the cynicism that perhaps was personate in the back seat during this process, made a comeback in the last both years, where more and more people have grown disillusioned by the lack of actual, and perceived, objectives being achieved. The overhyped expectations that are, in effect, created by charismatic leadership, eventually end up hampering its own effects, even though the results achieved might be significant.In the spirit of double edged swords, narcissism fits the bill perfectly. Excessive traits of this personality type have officially been diagnosed as a psychological disorder, whereas a good mix of those same qualities supposedly makes a great leader. From my personal experience, there has been a lot more interaction with unproductive narcissists, as compared to the productive ones. Charismatic leadership is an outward focusing theory, but since being confident and thoughtful requires a everlasting(a) understanding of ones own self, unless it is coupled innately with authenticity, there would continue to be major loopholes in its implementation.As is the case with most leadership theories, the situational context of the company or market matter deeply. Charismatic leadership is the need of the hour during turbulent times and thus ends up being back up and nurtured. However, during mature and stable market times, charisma tends to be counter-productive and pointless. Also, since narcissistic leaders tend to believe undoubtedly in their vision, not taking into account the ideas put forward by others, it can become self-destructive for companies. This leadership theory, more than others, needs to be deployed with a lot of care and consideration.

Sat Collegeboard Essay on Bullying Essay Example for Free

Sat Collegeboard Essay on Bullying EssayIn our daily world straight off, batch tend to be more open and let themselves go bad known perhaps, a little to a fault much and too frequently. People should begin to keep things private as if they reveal too much about themselves they leave themselves wide open bullying and gossip their strengths and weaknesses become known to their friends, family or even strangers in their society or even the world.Bullying is a common form of exploiting a weakness that you feel a need to respond to in a generally aggressive manner by taunting, hitting or embarrassing them, gossiping is an some other form where you circle rumors and secrets that youve heard about and again, often exploits weaknesses in flock as if you gossiped to make fun of someone or put them down. The reason why these weaknesses appear is because people today, feel the need to be open, they ar pressured to be social and with that comes a lot of talk about each other. Perhaps another reason is that teenagers today dont hang out, as much as previous generations did, but instead use instant messaging and text messages more, and frequently they convey what the other persons feelings are through their words and comments. Being behind a screen takes away insecurities and allows people to feel that they are safe and sound, except when you gossip or consecrate a secret of yours. As the gossiping trend continues, we see that the secrets could spill out and backfire.An example of bullying or gossiping could be a unshakable girl who talks about her experience with someone like her boyfriend or friend, feeling safe she texts her friend who, by nature, gossips and tells a more fashionable girl who feels that the person who sent the original text is weak or meek even. She gossips and suddenly the school is laughing at her about her boyfriend, girls feel sympathize with and bully her by beating her up or dumping food on her. An example like this is a classic scen ario of a girl who mat up safe and decided to be open instead of keeping her secrets a secret.This is why people in general should be more cautious and certain that some secrets are meant to be kept in private and not in the open where he/she could be susceptible to gossip, bullying or other mixed feelings. As people feel more and more safe behind screens by means of the internet or phone, it could become very parlous for people who are very open. To prevent this, people must be more self-conscience of what they are saying or telling and the consequences by doing so. Therefore people really should make more of an effort to keep things private.

What Is The Modularization Information Technology Essay

What Is The Modularization Information Technology EssayModularization is currently in focus as a meaning for increasing scrap of industrial companies. This is get throughd by bridging the advantages of advantageously-wornization and rationalization with customization and flexibility. T here(predicate) argon three definitions of the terms which needs to be clarified module, modularity, and modularization.The definition of the term module has changed everyplace prison term from being defined by the physical presence into being defined by structure and functionality.Modularity is a combination of arrangings attributes and functionality of the module itself. there ar seven mayor modularity concepts comp binglent sharing modularity, component swapping modularity, bus modularity, sectional modularity, fabricate to fit modularity, mix modularity and stack modularity.Modularization has evolved in an industrial context. There argon three raw material drivers behind the desire for mo dularity modularization in proceeds, modularization in carrefourion and modularization in inter-firm system. Modularization in design represents creation of variety, modularization in production represents the utilization of similarities and modularization in inter-firm system represents a reduction of complexities (Andrea Prencipe, 2003)Modularization does not mean that there is less(prenominal) assembly work indispensable for manufacturing atruck. It simply means that there is shakeup in regard to who is doing what in the valueand supply chain, with much than sub-assembly work done by the suppliers. There is trend fromcomplete assembly done by OEM to important sub-assemblies to be outsourced. This mightnot be irreversible, as assembly firms try to find the most beneficial approach for them thatwill be authentic by suppliers. A big part of the added value comes from the assemblyoperations. (Zima, 2005)Modularization typesThere argon three types of concepts in modularization. These concepts argonModularization in products (architecture)Modularization in productionModularization in inter-firm systemModularization in productsModularization in outputs focuses upon product architecture and the required interrelationship amongst product function and structure. Achieving this one to one correspondence amid the products subsystems and their functions allows modules to be designed with a high breaker point of autonomy and reduces the interdependency with other modules in essence, this refers to introducing and achieving modularity in product design. Others concur with the issue of interdependence, as they describe modularity in design as something which intentionally creates a high degree of liberty or loose coupling between component designs. Figure 1.1 .(Robert Trimble, 2008)The left plot is a schematic representation of the so-called integral product. Since the elements do up the product function (the left triangle) ar interrelated with those makin g up the product structure (the good triangle) in a complex manner, the designer of Subsystem S1 has to take the following factors into accountfunctional interdependence with the other subsystems ( such as s1f1s2, and s1f2s2)structural interdependence with the other subsystems (physical interference, for example, s1s2)Interdependence with the design of the entire system (consistency with the design of the wholly system, s1S1S) 4) interdependence between the sub-functions (such as f1_f2, and F1_F2).Figure 1 1.Modularization in product decreases such interdependence between the concerned elements. It allows one-to-one correspondence between the subsystems and their functions, and enables, for example, the designer of Subsystem S1 to focus solely on Sub-function F1 and S (the structure of the product as a whole). The subsystem becomes a module with a self-contained function, which clear be designed more autonomously. Remaining interdependence after modularization can further be tr im back if the interfaces between the elements are change and standardized as much aspossible. (Takeishi, 2001)Modularization in productionModularization in production describes the manufacturing system structure where, as a conduct of amodular product design, the product is produced from a series of modules each assembled on a sub- eviscerate before transfer to the product assembly line. A non-modular manufacturing system would be as a result of the product structure not containing any structurally cohesive large modules. (Robert Trimble, 2008).Modularization can be illustrated with a similar diagram sh give in figure It is comprised of the Product Structure Hierarchy (right triangle) and the Product Process Hierarchy (left). In order to simplify the explanation, among the whole manufacturing processes, the focus here only on assembly work in the Product Process Hierarchy.The former hierarchy is built up in pursuit of functional independence of each subsystem (i.e., the degree to which a function of the product is achieved by a single subsystem), while the latter is make up for structural cohesiveness (i.e., the degree to which a collection of part can be physically handled as one unit). The latter hierarchy is intended to contribute to structurally cohesive modules which are easy to manage material handling and quality control.Figure 1 1.The left diagram represents non-modular production processes. Without any structurally cohesive large modules, the product is to be assembled from eight small modules (s1 to s8) at the alike(p) hierarchical level on one long main assembly line. On the contrary, in the right diagram, there are two structurally-cohesive modules S1 and S2 on the right, and two subassembly lines to build them and one short main line for finished products on the left (remember the famous watchmaker story in Simon 1969). It can be said that the Product Structure Hierarchy with cohesive modules is translated into the Product Process Hierarchy with one main line and two subassembly lines. (Takeishi, 2001)Modularization in inter-firm system (outsourcing subsystems in larger units to outside suppliers)Modularization in Inter-firm Systems- describes the situation where large modules are assembled by suppliers on their own assembly lines and are delivered and assembled into finished products on the main line of the automaker This facet of modularity is essentially the outsourcing of the assembly of the module to the supply base. (Robert Trimble, 2008)Modularization in inter-firm system, which has drawn increasing attention in the European auto industry, entails outsourcing subsystems in large units (cohesive modules) to suppliers. The left diagram is a schematic representation of production with a higher in-house ratio, in which small modules (s1 s8) are delivered by outside suppliers. On the contrary, the right represents production based on a highly modular supplier system, in which large modules are assembled by outside s uppliers on their subassembly lines, and are delivered and assembled into finished products on the main line of the manufacturer.Figure 1 1.Overall, the three facets of modularization and their interrelations can be illustrated within the same theoretical account of multiple hierarchies as shown in the three pairs of diagrams. Product engineers, process engineers, and purchasing managers mustiness make decisions about the product and process hierarchies and the inter-firm boundaries, while securing close coordination between them. It is obvious that these three facets of modularization must not be mixed up. At the same time, it is also clear that these decisions are interrelated with each other. They are the processes of making decisions about interrelated hierarchies of product functions, product structure, and production processes. There is ever so a possibility of some inconsistency or conflict between the decisions. In a sense, the most critical challenge in modularization is how to avoid or overcome such inconsistency and conflict through coordination. (Takeishi, 2001)Modularity typesThere are varied types of modularity used in industry. An overview of the most common types can be found in Figure 1.1 (Erikstad, 2009).Figure 1.1 A more detailed division into incompatible modularity typesComponent-sharing modularity there are single modules used in polar products. The same module can be used in a completely different product family.Component-swapping modularity occurs when there are more alternative basic components can be paired with the same modular components creating different product variants belong to the same product family.Bus modularity is used when a module with two or more interfaces can be matched with any estimate of the components selected from a list of basic components. The interfaces accept any combination of the basic components. Bus modularity allows variations in the amount and the locations of the basic components in a product. C omponent-swapping and component-sharingmodularity allows only variation in the types of basic components.sectioned modularity is used when there is any number and combination possible by the configuration. Each module can have one, two or more interfaces. There are only a few limitations.Fabricate to Fit ModularityOne or more standard components are used with one or more infinitely variable additional components. Variation is usually associated with physical dimensions that can be modified. An example for this kind of modularity is a cable assembly. The connectors of the cable are standard and the length of the cable is variable.Stack modularity is the method where a collection of modules can be connected to create a unit with a value in some dimension that is the sum of the individual modules. The modules must be of the same type but it can be either a combination of superposable modules or a combination of different sizes of a module.Mix modularity combines different components i nto something new, for example paint or concrete.What are the pros and cons of modularization?AdvantagesReduce time and labor hours required for assembly processIntroducing modularization makes the assembly faster and less complicated, by installing complete preassembled modules the production is more efficient with the result of reducing time and labor. lessening of Labor CostBecause the supplier orders and assembles the parts into a module this time is saved at the one production. Also ordering a module is less labor-intensive compared to social organization standards ordering.Completion of Just-In-Time SystemOne Effects of modularization is for example the decreasing numbers of parts with the effect that JIT is more manageableCost diminution EffectBy increasing the amount of module suppliers the risk of stationary production decreases. If one supplier is not able to deliver on time he gets displaced by the next one .Easy upgrading Once modularization is fulfiled, one module ca n be upgraded easy. This way the system can be always up to date .Changing a module has no effects to the entire design.Dividing a product intocomponents and interfaces allows changes without affecting the entiredesign.Modularization Breaks down problems into smaller and simpler partsBy definition of modularity, the concept enables designers to break the problem into smaller and simpler partsSharing ModulesDesignee teams can share or use again components from other designs, culture time canbe decreased.More effective designing Another benefit of modularity is that it enables engineers to focus more directly on their own module, often steer to a more effective design solution.DisadvantagesDesigning modules is more bafflingDesigning for modularity ismore difficult and takes more effortthan designing a formulation standard system.Determining how to separate a system into modules and how these modules will interconnect is the root of the problem.Tunnel VisionOnce the designis complet e, productdevelopment is simplified by modularity Thepossibility exists that designers will not think tolook at an other methods or solutions.Such tunnel vision may minimize the general quality ofthe design.PerformanceAlmost always performance can be improved over a modular design, because the elimination of interfaces reduces lading and size.moreover, it is sometimes difficult tointegrate modules, designed by different teams, and tomake them worktogether optimally.Communicationcommunication between teams is the potential for redundancyMaintenanceOften when one part of a module needs to be replaced the only way is to replace the hole module. It is also command that it is not possible to order meet one particular part only the hole module.The benefits of modular supply for the assembler are damage reduction, increase of the low-scaleassembly efficiency, and minimization of investment requirements in new plants (Humphreyand Salerno, 2001), as outsourcing allows the automotive manu facturer to allocate part of theinvestment to the suppliers who will be located near the assembly plant (Lung, 2001, Lewisand Wight, 2000). From their side, the suppliers can decrease the financial involvement in thenew production location of the client by associating themselves with local partners. In thiscase they have to ensure that the international standards of battle (productivity,quality, logistics etc) will be reached (Lung, 2001). VOLVO.pdfSectors which apply modularizationFigure 1 1.Around 1990s up till now the industries have developed from designing and developing one-of-a-kind products units, towards more standardized and modular products. With these standardized methods a large number different product can be product to satisfy the customers (Erikstad, 2009).Throughout the industries, many companies in differed sectors have adopted some kind of modularisation in their organisation. Each sector or company that adopted modularization is unique in their solutions how to i mplement this strategy. The sectors on the frontiers of modularisation are the automotive, automatic engineering, Special machinery/Plant engineering, these sectors modularisation is widely used. There are many more sectors where modularisation is practise (Berger, 2012). In the diverse industries there are numerous examples how modularisation is implement to the benefits of companies.The in automotive basic platforms are used in many different models or brands. This is the same in electronics were components are extensive reuse twain across different brands and across different product types. Software companies split up their complex software systems to able to work parallel and reduce the complexness of the program (Jacobsen, 2003). For building ocean going cargo ship it is almost impossible to build a ship without modularisation because of the size and complexity (Gockowski, 2005)The benefits reported are reduced cost, shorter development cycles and the ability to maintain a br oad product range while standardizing and reducing the number of different components and configuration elements. (Erikstad, 2009)Companies which apply modularization successfullyIn this chapter the most successful companies which apply modularization will be described.The companies are divided in different kinds of sectors ( see Figure 1 1.)(Berger, 2012) Automotive robotic engineering Special machinery/ plant engineering Electronics Medical engineering Railways Heating / climate Automation Power tools OtherAutomotiveScaniaScania is a very wholesome known company which use the modularization strategy since 1930s. Scanias unique modular product range is one of its most important success factors. Since each product of Scania is made entirely on the basis of the customers business and the real-world situation, it ensures the best possible performance and quality. Meanwhile, the modular product system demoralises Scanias costs, since by using a limited number of components the compa ny can give each customer an optimised product. This business model is one important reason why Scania has been profitable every year for sextuplet decades and often describes its relationship with customers as a win-win situation. (Fagrenius, 2012 )Car manufacturingA lot of car manufacturers produce by a modularisation strategy. With this modularization different parts are produced and can be fit together on different types of cars. Some examples of car brands which change the same parts on different types are Volkswagen, Seat and Audi. (MILTENBURG, 2003)Mechanical engineeringShipbuildingMarintekThe Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute (MARINTEK) performs research and development for companies in the celestial sphere of marine technology. This companies develops ships on a modularization strategy. The whole ship is divided in modules which are separately fabricated. (Erikstad, 2009)DamenDamen shipyards is the biggest company in the Netherlands which designs and manufac ture on base of modularisation. (Damen, 2013)Ship equipmentThe equipment on a ship and in the engine room is designed and manufactures in modules. These modules are manufactured and assembled in the workshop, and are fit together on a ship ( as a block). This is a successful way to produce because of many technological, services and economical aspects. Some companies which are manufacturing on this way are Marine service Noord and Impas, and Alfa laval. (Noord, 2013) (Laval, 2013)Product manufacturingThere are a lot of production companies which use the modularization strategy. They have their focus on reducing delivery time and production costs. Some well known production companies in the Netherlands are Phillips, VDL, Burgers trailers, Hytrans fire systems and Vanderlande. (TNO, 2008)Special machinery/ plant engineeringSiemens Power plantBased on our extensive implement in building power plants, Siemens has developed innovative combined cycle reference power plants, known as Siem ens Combined roll (SCC) turnkey plants. Suited for applications from 100 MW to over 850 MW per unit, these plants help you to meet the challenges of a dynamic market and are designed to optimize planning, implementation times and lower life-cycle costs. (AG, 2008)Nuclear power plantsFor currently operating U.S. nuclear plants, the average construction period was 9,3 years the longest was 23,5 years. In Japan, close attention to modularization and construction sequencing has reduced construction times for the ABWR reactor design. (Lee Presley, 2009)FluorFluor has pioneered the economic advantages and commercialization of modular construction. Fluors proven performance showcases large-scale modular construction across a variety of Client industries. From brutal arctic winters working the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline, or offshore oil and gas platforms in Trinidad Tobago, or state-of-the-art biotechnology facilities, to the new San Francisco Oakland true laurel Bridge, Fluor has successful ly utilized modular construction to address Client challenges. (Fluor, 2013)HitachiHitachi has been developing and perfecting modularization technology to facilitate domestic nuclear power plant construction since the early 1980s, and it has made great strides in rationalization. Modularization is the ideal plant construction technique for reduced costs, higher quality, improved safety and shorter construction times. We believe that modularization technology is one of the best solutions for the current plant construction environment. (Maru, 2002)Oil and gas industryLinde BOC Process Plants LLCModularized construction has many positive aspects to consider. The modules contain the equipment, piping, heat tracing, electrical instrumentation systems, specialized coatings, fire protection, ladders, and platforms. Modules can be horizontal, vertical, single level, or multi-level depending on the plot space, equipment, and required piping configuration. The optimumsplit of modular field construction efforts is determined for each individual project based upon such factors as local labour costs, transportation limitations and schedule. (Laar, 2008)Electronics and automationPhilipsPhilips is one of the largest television manufacturers in the world. Fierce competition in the television market is leading to smaller profit margins, price erosion, shorter time to market, and a battle for shelf space. To remain competitive, we must minimize the bill of material and the cost of system development. Minimizing the bill of material puts constraint on the resources of a television, such as memory, bandwidth, CPU cycles, and footprint. We minimize the cost of system development by modularization.AirbusThe Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concept, which replaces numerous separate processors and line replaceable units (LRU) with fewer, more centralized processing units, is promising significant weight reduction and maintenance savings in the new generation of commercial airliner s (Ramsey, 2007).Medical engineeringPhillipsAlready in the early days of empennage, Philips Medical Systems observe the advantages of CAN and decided to use this network protocol as communication network for interconnecting various components such as collimators, generators, and patient tables in their X-ray systems. To achieve a modular and open approach, a group within Philips Medical Systems, managed by Tom Suters, developed the first higher layer protocol for CAN, the CAN Message Specification (CMS), which was presented to the public in 1992.Heating / climateThe corporate modular cooling solutions combine multiple components designed to fit your specific requirements and specifications. This integrated solution not only reduces the total number of suppliers, but it also drives down your overall costs (laval, 2013)Power toolsBlack DeckerThe patented MATRIX modular tool system offers performance and value in a simple and practical way for power tool users to grow their toolbox at their own pace. With this system, users can access some of the industrys most popular types of tools which were traditionally limited to professionals while offering savings up to 42% versus purchasing bare tools separately. (Decker, 2013) deem of modularizationJoery stuk btp btf etcKey elementsKey elements modularizationInternal key elementsProduct design etcExternal key elementsSuppliers etcBoundary conditions

Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Brand Promotion Marketing Essay

Impact Of Social Ne devilrking Sites On Brand Promotion Marketing EssayIf considering the example of Skoda, it gives the substantial results for such(prenominal) instance. Skoda has maked the alliance of about 2000 people by complaisant media. This community was started when a female customer has post its comment about the after sales services of Skoda and a person has picked this comment and posted it on tender networking site (Muncaster, 2007). It is not only the corporate biggies who bring in utilise social networking sites as a medium to recruit their marker however also a phenomena of retailing the seeers label to increase the brand awargonness among the tar formulate customers. Looking at the importance of social networking, this look objectives to analyzing the repair of social networking sites on brand forwarding. This chapter provides the brief introduction about the interrogation study, including the aims and objectives of the research, signifi lavce of the research and rationale behind distributeing this research study.Aims and Objectives of the exploreThe aim of this research is to dissect the refer of social networking sites on brand promotion. In baffle to fulfill the aim of the research, investigator has laid down followe research objectives which has been achieved in this research as a part of research aim.To understand the importance of social networking websites in stigmatisation schemeTo determine the advantage of exploitation social media in merchandising and brandingTo understand the current and future scope viability of social mediaTo identify the strategies of companies using social media as a medium for promoting their brandIn order to achieve the above research objectives, the research has addressed the following research head words in this study.RQ1 What is the importance of social networking sites in branding and marketing?RQ2 What ar the advantages for a marketer in using social media for its marketing an d branding strategy?RQ3 What is the current and future scope viability of social media?RQ4 What ar the strategies used by companies for using social media in promoting their brands among the target customers?Significance of the questionThis research study is contributing significantly in the studies of marketing and brand management where the police detective has provided some key facts about the current usage of social networking sites in brand promotion and marketing. The research findings will athletic supporter the marketers to understand the advantage of using social media as a medium for promoting their brands and they can integrate these findings in preparing their brand strategy. In entree to this, the research work provided the base for future academic researchers to conduct the research in the social networking space in relation to the marketing and branding management.Rationale behind the ResearchReason for conducting this research is to get the deeper insight about how the companies are using social networking websites for promoting their brand and in what ways they are making it effective among the target customers. In this way researcher would be able to get abundanter learning in the field of marketing and brand management and can integrate these findings into its professional career.Chapter Scheme of the ResearchIt is indwelling to divide the realised research into sub sections or chapters to get the sequential understanding of every step taken by the research for finish the research. Therefore researcher has segregated the complete research into fiver chapters. First chapter of the research provide the brief introduction about the research. Second chapter provided the literature of the research. troika chapter includes the research methodology. Fourth chapter provided the discussion, analysis and findings of the research. Last and fifth chapter includes the conclusion drawn by the research from the key findings and provided the reco mmendation to marketers.SummaryThere is a up-to-the-minute trend of using social networking sites for brand promotion however the businesses are realizing slowly of using social networking sites for brand promotion. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. Social network affect the purchase decision making process of consumers which make the release in the branding and marketing strategies. However social networking websites are useful for the marketers to increase the brand awareness and product awareness. Reason for conducting this research is to get the deeper insight about how the companies are using social networking websites for promoting their brand. This chapter provided the brief introduction of the researcher to the reader.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 IntroductionSocial networking sites such as Facebook (400 million users worldwide) and Orkut (100 million), or the micro-blogging site cheep (which crossed 10 billi on tweets recently) may offer engaging distractions to the average user. But the numbers add up to a dizzying truth for brands social networking sites (SNS) and sites the ilks of twitter are prodigiously fertile spaces to harvest ad business. Adgully speaks to Indias leading brand nurturers and digital agencies to understand how they are leveraging the networking revolution. Social Networking presently became a way for brand Marketing and promotion on social sphere, whereby, the enterprises started using these online communities or websites for developing contacts and driving traffic to their respective websites. Today, these social networking websites form the master(prenominal) tool of social media marketing. The most commonly used websites that give up flex drastically favorite over last couple of years are Twitter and Facebook. Following these two are some new(prenominal) sites such as LinkedIn, My Space, Digg and StumbleUpon (Adler Kwon, 2002). Facebook is a Social N etworking Site which helps friends and colleagues to share conferences with each different through argue Posts, Messages and Comments. Today, Facebook has more than 350 million members and suave counting. This site experiences more than two million clicks per day. Statistics state that users spend an average of 20 minutes per day in Facebook. The mature functionalities of Facebook allow the users a longer shelf life. A user can view your files which are more than five years old. With such wonderful features, Facebook soon became single of the lethal tools of SMM and SMO. Businesses, especially small scale business houses started using the medium of Facebook to promote their brands and services. Setting up a business page and initiating and regularization interactions with the visitors are some of the strategies that business houses adhere to, in Facebook (Alba, 2003).2.2 Popularity of Social Networking Sites in Developing CountriesThe online penetration is just 3-4 per cent, and less than 1 per cent of our total universe of discourse has a Facebook account. And the percentage of people using Twitter is even smaller. Mehra said that despite the percentages, developing countries like India were already the 5th bangingst consumer of Twitter in the world, owing largely to Bollywoods enthusiasm for it. And we are in the Top 10 list of consumers of Facebook. Rahul Mehta, the business head of Chings Secret, said, There are approximately 5 crore Indians and 1 crore NRIs online. Facebook unaccompanied has 1.2 crore Indians and 40 lakh NRIs. Mehta said the RoI on social media was substantially high than what was offered by traditional media (Albrecht Adelman, 2007). These numbers are comparable to most national newspapers, Mehta said. Facebook is better place to reach Sec A+, A and B+. With internet penetration deepening, the numbers will rise in the next three to tetrad years, he said. Chings Secret has 98,826 (and counting) fans on Facebook.Khushboo Mah eshwari, the head (digital) of OMD, said, Today, 5% of Indian population has an online presence and it is growing at a rate of 35% CAGR. In former(a) words, 50 million users have a presence on social media. And the numbers were growing, Maheshwari said. With the government think to spend Rs18,000 crore over the next three years to lay a 5 lakh km optic fibre cable network to reach every gram panchayat, the growth rate is spillage to touch 100% CAGR, Maheshwari said. Mobile, web, and broadband will be critical to the growth in the coming years, Maheshwari said.Mihir Ferrao, who looks into Social Media Optimization and ORM at Starcom IP feels that Internet in India needs to grow by at least 20 to 25% year on year, to shake off the constant comparisons with TV and Print (Alkire, Collum, Kaswan, Love, 2008). He said, The only reason why we do not get a fare share of advertising budgets is because, next to the reach penetration of TV or Print, we are very small. But if we look at the concentration of brand TGs on TV Internet, then surely the Internet will have higher traction. Sagar Dhoke, the founder of Fun Element said that the e-revolution had helped to bridge the gap between the product and the end consumer, be it for a movie or an FMCG product. As for the throng being targeted online by marketers, Ritesh Patel, the brand manager of CEAT, said, Social media has indeed proved to be a very useful medium for a brand like CEAT. He said that CEAT aspired to be a youthful brand and it finds complete match of TG in this medium (Arabie, 2004).2.3 The ApproachSandeep Singh, the business head of Quasar, said that promotional activities designed for online platforms could be a campaign lead in which the target audience is engaged for a specific purpose and for a short duration. Or, brands could consider a more strategic and long-term initiative. In a campaign lead, the idea is to use social media platforms to create a buzz and receive feedback from the community r epresented by the target audience, Singh said. Strategic initiatives involve the management of social presence from brands online-reputation standpoint, and the use of social platforms as a medium of continued dialogue with the prospects and customers. Singh said experience suggested that the one-size-fits-all blast did not work. Every product and campaign needs a different cuddle and activation strategy, he said (Bainbridge, Brent, Carley, Heise, Macy, Markovsky, Skvoretz, 1994).Maheshwari of OMD describe one of the agencys typical media activities. Motilal Oswal Financial Services Limited has been quite lively on the social media, Maheshwari said. We have uploaded Wealth insane asylum Study (WCS) Videos on You vacuum tube and also created a Linked In event page for the WCS awards ceremony. Besides, we also have a scribed page where we have uploaded different annual WC Studies. The creation of Wikipedia pages on the Motilal Oswal Group, on Motilal Oswal and Raamdeo Agrawal ha d been completed, Maheshwari said. As a result of these activities, seven out of 10 results on Google are owned and controlled by Brand Motilal Oswal for the search Wealth Creation Study, Maheshwari said (Baker Hubert, 2001).Zapak has carried out several similar campaigns Axe, Ponds, and Mahindra campaigns which used a mix of forthcoming options are among the most successful Zapak works. Mehra listed the focus theatre of operationss Fan pages and groups, gaming and other fun applications on platforms like Orkut and Facebook, an active handle on Twitter. Mehra said it was essential to link the APIs (application programming interface) like OpenID and Facebook Connect to ones site to promote easy discourse and conversations (Barabasi, 2002). Chings Secret advertises regularly on Facebook and YouTube, the brands Mehta said. But a readiness of traffic has been generated virally because of the content, quizzes, contests on Facebook. He said that in the end, social media was a long- term strategic investment. It is not brand building but genuine relationship creation and maintenance, he said. And like any relationship, it takes time to build.Describing the two aspects of promotion social applications and paid advertising -they use both options equally well. For Emotional Attyachar, social advertising was placed on Facebook and other sites. And we also released an application on Facebook, Mistry said. Applications turn on engagement to high levels, users get to communicate with the brand, and they understand the values of the shows. On the other hand, advertising draws people who are unexposed to the brand. So the two options serve different purposes and we use as much of both as they can (Barnlund Harland, 2005). Patel of CEAT said that any one people-engagement tactic would not work in isolation. If they create a fantastic social application and do not promote it, it will die a natural death owing to the inadequacy of critical mass required to give it a vir al effect. Similarly, only paid advertising will fail to generate brand interaction with consumers which is the nubble of social media. Such a tactic would evoke the feeling of a one-night stand and customer would probably not engage with the brand in question in the future. Starcom IPs Ferrao, also said that lots of their clients are slowly waking up to the fact that social media is a growing phenomena in India. Some of their clients whom they have brought onto the social space are Himalaya Herbal Tea and Foster, while they are enhancing the social presence of brands like Tata Teleservices and Pantaloons. The results they have got, in terms of fans on Facebook and pursuit on Twitter etc. have given the client reasons to be excited. And has initiated thoughts of how do they leverage these groups that (Bernard Killworth, 2003).2.4 Pros and ConsEvery platform has accredited advantages and disadvantages, so its a question any longer of them wanting to be on it or not. The advantag es are varied right from being able to monetize certain things to being able to put your content out there to getting feedback from users. In the past, people could not connect to a brand on a man-to-man basis, but social media allowed that to happen. Most brands feel that going to SNS will put their brands up for public scrutiny, which is considered a disadvantage. But it is considering that to be an advantage because it gives them a wide reality check to improve your product or service. But on this channel, Singh warned, one wrong step could snowball into something highly detrimental to ones brand, in subject area of minutes. So they should learn to do it well than not doing it at all, as you cant run away from such platforms if their consumers are flocking them (Bonacich, 2002). They will have to treat them today or tomorrow. SNS can definitely contribute to making or breaking the brand image. Brands should be very cautious in venturing into SNS. While developing games for the brands, Dhoke suggests subtle branding techniques to his clients. Constant hammering of the product is a complete turn-off to the player and user, he said. Same applies to social applications and games. The app should highlight the main features of the app in a very exciting way rather than in the brochure style.Maheshwari endorsed Dhokes assertion about treading carefully. Yes, a single bad comment or rumor can severely damage the reputation that a brand like MOFSL has taken great pains to establish over the years, Maheshwari said. Also since SNS connect users from different split of the world, it takes little to no time for bad news to spread.Patel strongly believes that a consumers negative feedback could be used to create customer delight. Today, more and more brands are engaging directly with consumers through various discussion forums, networking sites and forums to understand their expectations (Borgatti Everett, 1999)Ferrao of Starcom IP sees the clear advantage of social networking sites in the entire brand experience which one can bring to the consumer. He said, With Facebook and Twitter, you can communicate so many brand properties to those people who want to listen he believes that by doing so, you know the movement is not going to waste and that your initiatives could actually lead to sales (Burt, 2008).2.5 The FuturePatel also highlighted the fact that only a read age group was active in social media. While Youngistan is spending more time online, the older age group is not very active yet. Also, online options are more popular in metro and tier-II cities. Internet penetration is still an issue in rural India. But Dhoke sees things differently. Things will change in the next five to vi years. When 3G is operational, the number of internet users will grow by about 25-35%. It is estimated that by 2013, India will have the third largest Internet user base. Singh goes a step further and says that as in the West, the audience is now online. When you refer to the audience, these are the guys with high disposable incomes and spending power. These guys are online for sure. And most brands are eying their wallets. If you talk about numbers, we still have some way to go to before the medium reaches the masses. The Indian audience was enjoying the internet and its offerings. Gaming is an offering that has now become a heat energy among the youth (Carley Krackhardt, 1996). The online gaming industry is growing and how Year-on-year, they are recording a rise in the number of gamers in the kingdom. Zapak, which was started just three years ago, already had 7 million unique registered users, and continues to grow. Soon, there will be a day when the online Indian farmers on Farmville will outnumber all the real farmers of our country put together. Other than Twitter and Facebook, there are couples of other websites that have gained immense popularity. LinkdIn is a professional social media website where a stream of professional ge ts the prospect to review and interact with their counterparts. With more than 50 lacs people registered with this site, LinkedIn offers a solid platform for establishing new business relationships. LinkdIn by facilitating more of a personal communication between the business professionals can help the business as a whole. MySpace also have a massive impact in the social networking world. at a time registered with MySpace, a user can not only inform the entire networking circle about their likes and dislikes but can also submit videos. A lot of personal stuffs can also be added to the site, and an active mode of communication can be initiated. MySpace also helps in Social Media Marketing by enable the businesses to create their own profile page and communities and develop interactive dialogues with targeted mass of people. This enables in building brand awareness and can be of immense help to small business houses. Social media and networking Sites have not only contributed to tak e inter-personal communication to a different level, but also have been a great marketing tool for the small businesses. Well planned approach to social media marketing via social networking sites can be of great help in promoting the business, create proper brand awareness and in the end, meet the ultimate business ends. A business house must have proper expertise and planning to approach in the network so as to reap the fruits of benefits to the very best (Cartwright Harary, 2007).2.6 Spreading brand awarenessWe all know word-of-mouth reference is a great way of spreading your brand awareness. This is what social network can do. As soon as brand becomes recognizable to a large number of customers, they start discussion about the product. Maximum people who are satisfied with the product they often post their comments through these social networking, which encourage other customer to buy the product. Big companies create a blog in relation with the social network to give customer a wide area to discuss about product and give reviews. This way social network spread your brand awareness to millions of customer online (Cohen Prusak, 2001).2.7 Engage customer interestA social media website is ideally suited for product discussions, demonstrations, and showcasing of expertise and quality. Businesses can engage the interest of customers from a global market and build a powerful brand image. People will become fans of your website, product or business because they choose to Make them feel comfortable with this decision by posting quality information. talk of the town about online business, social networking is a great opportunity to keep your site busy by attracting potential customer with well developed networking strategies. Organizations are already making use of new and creative way to utilize the massive popularity of various social media to promote their particular product. The additional benefit is the long-term impact on business revenue through brand man agement. Social media websites are just right for business marketers to spot potential customers (Eveland Bikson, 2007).But in order to get benefit from social networking, business owner should study to handle their social networking assets carefully. Most famous social networking sites like facebook, twitter and my space are the great for carrying your message to abroad. But new businesses must always remember that benefits from social networking solely include arduous work (Crane, 2009).2.8 SummaryA social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organizations called nodes, which are connected by one or more specific types of mutuality, such as friendship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. It was initially intended to make friendship and stay connected with colleagues, but now eld every businessman would have known how important social networking is for their business. Mainly online business has made soci al networking a priority as well. Premier Websites have made it possible for businesses to develop their contact lists, handle their relationships and created the ideas of viral marketing. It is because Shopping and social networking Web sites gather a lot of information about online users, and has become tremendously useful for companies to track and model consumer behavior. Businesses are looking to companies like Twitter, MySpace and Facebook to help companies to sell more products and services. Lets see how it makes an impact on your business in reality (Fararo Skvoretz, 2004).Chapter 3 Research MethodologyIntroductionA research methodology enables the researcher to get the right direction in achieving the research aim and objectives. Therefore it is important for the researcher to understand the different research methods available and making the right selection of the appropriate research component to design the complete research methodology. This chapter provides the detaile d explanation of the research methodology that has been used by the researcher for this particular research. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking website on brand promotion which requires a robust research methodology.Research MethodologyBefore moving further, a research first needs to understand the difference between exploratory and explanatory research and make the appropriate selection between them. Exploratory research is useful where the research wants to conclude the research through in-depth and detailed discussion about the research objectives and findings of the research. On the other hand explanatory research is useful where the researcher conclude the research based on the key facts and using statistical measures without having in-depth discussions. Here the research wants to conduct the analyses to understand the impact of social networking websites on brand promotion therefore it requires statistical measures to conduct the impact anal yses. Hence researcher has used explanatory research in this study.Research DesignThere are the various authors who have provided the approach to design the suitable research methodology. However the most relevant research methodology design is given by Saunders et al (2003) by developing the research onion. for each one layer of this research onion provided the research component and selecting the research components gives the complete design of the research. Research has used the research onion developed by Saunders et al (2003) for designing the research methodology. Description of selecting the research components by using research onion is provided in the following section.Research ApproachResearch approach is chosen from the first layer of the research onion. A research can go for deductive, abductive or inductive research approach. In this research, researcher has used abductive research approach which enables the researcher to get the deeper understanding of research objec tive and need of correlating the literature with key findings of the research. Other research approaches such as inductive and deductive approach has been rejected by the research since both the approaches more focused towards the theoretical implications and less towards the practical implication of the research.Research PhilosophyResearch can select the research philosophy by removing the second layer of the research onion. There are the two research philosophies such as positivism and interpretivism research philosophy. Interpretivism research philosophy is useful where the researcher interpret the study results using literature and less focused towards the practical implications of the research study. Since the research approach used by the researcher is abductive which requires the practical implication hence interpretivism research philosophy is irrelevant. In positivism research philosophy researcher only considers the practical implication along with the use of literature to be linked with research findings. Hence in this research, researcher has used the positivism research philosophy.Research StrategyResearch strategy can be chosen by removing third layer of the research onion. Research strategy enables the researcher to conduct the analysis and presenting the key findings of the research. In addition to this research decides on methods of info collection. A research can use survey questionnaire methods or face to face interview method to collect the data. It is essential to capture the views of marketing managers about the impact of social networking websites in brand promotion. Hence the research has used survey questionnaire method for salt away the data. Once the data is collected, a researcher needs to understand the way of conducting the analysis and presenting the data. In this research, research has used question by question analysis and drawn the conclusion. Research has used both the secondary and primary data in this research and method for each of type of data is described below entropy compendium MethodologySecondary data is the data which is already existed in the published format. On the other hand primary data is the data which is not available and researcher collect the information using questionnaire method from the relevant respondents. In this study, researcher has collected both the secondary and primary data. The methodology description of collecting each type of data is provided belowSecondary DataSecondary data in this research has been collected using various secondary sources such as academic journals which have been procured from the university library, books, news articles, web articles, company websites and general internet search. Secondary has been used to compile the literature in this research.Primary DataIn order to capture the view points of marketing managers towards the impact of social networking websites, the data has been collected using primary research. In primary research, researche r has ready the quantitative questionnaire and administered the questionnaire using email. Others details of primary research is provided below.Target RespondentsTarget respondents were marketing managers who must have knowledge about the social networking concepts and websites and responsible for preparing branding strategy for their companies.Sample SizeA total of 200 questionnaires were sent to the target respondents out of which 59 responses were received by the researcher. Therefore the total render size of this study is 59.Sampling MethodologyConvenient sampling methodology has been used by the researcher for designing the samples in this study. In this research, the researcher already known to the screening and qualification criteria of the target respondents therefore the convenient sampling methodology is useful for this research study.Data AnalysisA researcher has used excel tool for analyzing the data. Each questionnaire responses are filled in Excel and developed a fin al data file. Researcher has used some staple fiber statistical measures to analyze the data and key findings of the research has been presented using charts and graphs which have been prepared using Excel.Ethical Consideration Research LimitationsThere are certain ethical issues that have been taken into consideration by the researcher. Researcher has followed the market research guidelines to meet the ethical challenges in this research such as disclosing the respondents call contact information as per the respondents consent, acknowledging the information sources, use of authenticated data sources and websites and meeting the university guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Some limitations faced by the researcher are rise to power to the company information, coverage of sample size and reach out to the target respondents.

Nestle Marketing Analysis

nestle merchandise AnalysisThis is a report as well as a securities indus giveing plan about nestle and its pertly proceeds Nescafe wit. The report is about the Halal food leader go up (Malaysia) and its activity on how they food market their merchandises and sustain their leader position in the accredited market. More over, on that point will be a detail analysis on the current market particular which included SWOT, PEST and financial analysis plus the marketing strategies applied by the company in hostelry to domain the market. The marketing strategies will throw out the discussion by involving the determine, point of intersection, distribution and progression strategies. However, the main focus will f al integrity on the company Nestle Malaysia, the market of soluble cocoa, the instigant Nescafe and its revolutionary souseed products. In addition, recommendations and solutions are provided by the author to solve the current scenario and overcome the probl ems.Nestl (Malaysia) Berhad plays the role as the leader of Halal food manufacturer and the first international to voluntarily request for Halal Certification of all(a) its food products when it was first introduced in 1996. Nestl is establish in 1912 and public-listed on Bursa Malaysia since 1989. Currently the swelledgest Halal producer in the Nestl world. In Malaysia, Nestl employs 5000 people, owns 7 factories and 6 sales off glassfuls plus one national distribution centre. The head office based in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. (Nestle, 2008)NestlWorldwideNestl is a international company that leading the global food business. It is founds by a Swiss chemist Mr. Henri Nestle. Nestl subscribe the worlds largest food manufacturer and the worlds largest private nutrition research capacitance based in Switzerland. Overall, Nestl give birth in over 100 countries with 276,000 employees worldwide and 456 factories in 84 countries. Currently, Nestl owns over 8500 brands and produce ove r 10,000 various products. Nestl hits the sale of 32 billion products yearly. Furtherto a greater extent, Nestl ask 24 Research Development centres worldwide and invest RM5 billion annually on RD. (Nestle,2008)Introduction about the product NESCAFMENUAt November 2009, Nestle introduced a new set forth of beverage to captures topical anaesthetics heart. unsanded Nescafe menu is your menu of Malaysian favourite. Bring home the authentic taste of your favourite chocolate shop slaps anytime and anywhere. (Nestle,2009)Key BenefitNestle provides good quality products with improving nutrition and health benefits under Halal policy benefits everyone especially Muslims so that consumers dejection whoop it up their favourite food or beverage without worries with the Halal assurance promised by Nestle. (Nestle,2010)The introduce of Popularly Positioned outputs (PPP) brings affordable nutrition accessible (based on local anaesthetic conceiveations, food regulations, nutrient defic iencies and public health concern) for society and leads a rock-loving lifestyle and diet plan with the Nestl Nutritional Compass label in all nestle products. (Nestle,2008)Talk about the new Nescafe menu that contains coffee as the main ingredient. In fact, according to Don Howat (2009) coffee is something great because it contains antioxidants. Meanwhile, he hopes that there is a transfigure of the wrong perception coffee is bad for health among Malaysian and able to target non-coffee drinker and sum ups the consumption of coffee in Malaysia which is consider as subaltern compared to other countries.Current Marketing SituationNestl Malaysia, currently the biggest Halal producer in the world, markets more than 300 Halal products in market, is warranting its betrothal as the Halal Centre of Excellence for Nestl worldwide. Exports its products to more than 40 countries worldwide with export sales of over RM470 million. Imports Halal products from the 66 Nestl factories worldwid e that are bear witness Halal. (Nestle,2010)According to Philip Kotler and Gary Arm conceptive (2010), differentiated marketing means a fuddled decides to target several market segments and design separate offer for each.Nestle (Malaysia) utilizing differentiated marketing (segmented marketing) outline by having several categories of product that means to target different guest.Categories of product in MalaysiaExample of brand name in Malaysia Coffee and drunkenness Nescafe / Milo Culinary Aids/ Prepared Foods Maggi Milks Nespray/ Nesvita Liquid Drinks Perrier Junior Foods Nestle Baby Cereals Breakfast Cereals Nestle Breakfast Cereals Chilled Diary Nestle Bliss/ Nespray yogurt Ice-cream Nestle ice cream / Drumstick Chocolate and Confectionery Kit-Kat / Smarties / Milkybar Healthcare Nutrition Nutren Optimum / Fibre / Junior Performance Nutrition POWERBAR Performance / gelatin Nestle Professional Nestle ProfessionalTable 2 Nestls categories of product and brand name in Malaysi a adapt from Nestle in your life, our brands, 2010. From http//www.nestle.com.my/nestle+in+your+life/our+brands/Nescafe commands 70 per cent market share in the coffee segment locally Nescafe practises differentiated marketing too by having 5 different tend of coffee (mainstream coffee, healthy coffee, Nescafe Classic and Gold). Simultaneously, Nescafe Menu marketing three different beverages that include Nescafe Menu Tarik, Ipoh White Coffee and Nelso to targets a group of local people (Malaysian) includes coffee lovers and non-coffee drinkers (all age) by pass coffee shops all time top get byer. (Don Howat, 2009)Product review for NESCAFMENUNescafe Menu Tarik-satisfy your craving for a pleasing foamy cup of coffee and indulge in the authentic taste of a tarik.Nescafe Menu Ipoh White Coffee-three minutes are all it takes for you to enjoy a deliciously creamy, smooth and aromatic cup of Ipoh white coffee, anytime of the twenty-four hours or night.Nescafe Menu Neslo-for those wh o must have your morning cup of neslo before the day can start, heres the one for you with the rich taste of Nescafe coffee and the goodness of chocolate malt, all serve in one delicious croak.Table 2 Product Review of NESCAFMENUAdapted From Nestle in your life, our brands, beverages Nescafe, NESCAF MENU, (Nestle, 2010) From http//www.nestle.com.my/Nestle+In+Your+Life/Our+Brands/Beverages/Nescafe.htmNew Nescafe Menu benefits consumer by giving them a big flexibility and in-home enjoyment without stepping out the house to coffee shop for beverages. The new Nescaf Menu range is available at all leading supermarkets and hypermarkets in 15-pack bags at the recommended retail prices of RM12.90 (The Star Newspaper 2009).Currently, only the white coffee produced by old town is consider as the direct competitor because they having the same product as Nescafe Menus white coffee. PowerRoot and BOH are indirect competitor because they dont have the same (but similar) product as Nescafe Menu yet they are the strong competitor in the market so its important to find an eyes on the companys activities.Competitive ReviewWhite Coffee 3-in-1 Classic by centenarian Town* Old Town kopitiam(coffee house) had 141 outlet in Malaysia and still growing (old town, 2010).* Rated as Malaysians favourite hang out place for its signature white coffee.* A perfect, smooth blend of original white coffee. Rich, creamy and aromatic, it has a heightened lingering mouth feel (Old Town, 2010).* 15 sticks in a Packet, RM12.90* The famous Cameron Highland tea* Rated as Malaysias all time local favourite beverage.* Experience the robust, full-flavour of Boh Teh Tarik Kurang Manis with less sugar in each convenient sachet* 12 sachet in a packet for RM7.90Oligo texture (6 in 1) by PowerROOT* Nescafes main competitor for soluble coffee range* Cereal drink mixed with a fine blend ofoats,cereal,B-Glucan,Oligofructose, sugar and non-dairy creamer* 12 sachet in a packet for RM12.90PEST analysisNestls PEST Analysis(P)olitical* In support of the Governments efforts to combat non-communicable diseases in the country, Nestle collaborated with relevant NGOs to participate actively during the Nutrition Month Malaysia campaign to promote good nutrition in the community (Nestle, 2008).* Nestle is in full support of the Governments efforts to advocate healthier diets and active lifestyles to service counter problems associated with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We have made significant change to improve our products profile to complement the Governments efforts to take a healthier population (Nestle, 2008).(E)conomic* Flat domestic sales reflects slowdown in local economy and changes in consumer spending behaviour. (Nestle, 2009)* The weak market sentiments due to the global economical slowdown and changes in consumer spending behaviour (spending less and saving more), have some bearing to the Groups domestic business, which remained flat for the period under review . (Nestle, 2009)(S)ocial* Nestle was founded on social responsibility, sound human values and principles more than 140 years ago (Nestle, 2008).* Malaysias majority = Muslim. Consumers trust and confidence on quality and peace of capitulum for Muslim consumers (Nestle, 2008).* Our interest in Halal was borne out of social responsibility and respect for our Muslim employees and consumers, and today, we are beginning to appreciate the long-term enthronization we have made in manufacturing and marketing Halal products (Nestle, 2010).* Though it is a global brand, Nescafe is locally produced to meet the taste preferences of local consumers (Nestle, 2010).(T)echnology* Improve innovation technology and provider development through Halal knowledge (Nestle, 2010) plus innovate renovate nutritious and healthier products using RD expertise (Nestle, 2008).* Every Nestle product undergoes as extensive RD go and a stringent quality standard before it is launched, because we value the trust that our consumers have in us (Nestle, 2008).* Nestle consumers all over the world benefit from world-class manufacturing facilities, the best private RD capability in food and nutrition, international quality and safety standards but with products catered to local preferences (Nestle, 2010).* Our global investment in RD clearly shows Nestls commitment in innovating and renovating products based on scientific evidence and trials (Nestle, 2008).SWOT Analysis(S)trengths(1) High market share For instant, Nescafe commands 70 per cent market share in the coffee segment locally as the leader. (Don Howat, 2009)(2) Size, operational efficiency and financial power Owns 7 factory and 6 sale office at Malaysia with one national distribution centre that involve exportation of Halal product to more than 40 countries. (Nestle, 2008)(3) Wide range of products Nestl owns over 8500 brands and produce over 10,000 different products. (Nestle, 2008)(4) Ability to customize global product brand to loca l preferences For example, markets more than 300 Halal products in market, to more than 40 countries. (Nestle, 2008)(5) Strong Research development Have 24 Research Development centres worldwide and invest RM5 billions annually. (Nestle, 2008)(6) Halal policy Helps in targeting Muslim by assuring them with all product is Halal and also attract non-Muslim customer at the same time. (Nestle, 2010)(W)eakness(1) Very narrow product line for beverages Only promotes chocolate malt (milo), coffee (Nescafe) and milk beverage.(O)pportunity(1) New product discover (expanding product line) The discover of New Nescafe Menu is a good example whereby it also help to expands the range of coffee under the Nescafe brand. In the future, they maybe will produce coffee candy in different flavour.(2) Changing of customer needs/tastes For instant, customers have more sentience toward their health care and wish to have product that come with low sugar contain thus Nestle can introduces their products w ith low sugar contain to fulfil customers needs.(3) New technology To improve the products quality by implementing the new technology and maintain their market share in the industry.(T)hreats(1) sparing downturn Threaten profit margins and bottom-line. If the firm decides to cut cost, many people might lose their job and social responsibility is frequently put on hold. (Nestle,2008)(2) Entry of new competitor For instant, the Starbucks also blends into the soluble coffee market with their signature premium coffee. Thus, Starbucks might affect the sales of Nescafe premium range product.fiscal AnalysisFinancial analysis use and transformation of financial data into a form that can be used to monitor and evaluate the firms financial position, to plan future support, and to designate the size of the firm and its rate of growth (allbusiness.com, 2010).Based on the 5 years statistics (appendix 2), it proved that the company is growing healthy from the year 2004 to 2008. In 2008 Nestle Malaysia post a turnover of RM3.9 billion (approximately) for the year ending 31 December 2008, which represents a 13.5 % growth over 2007. cabbage before tax is increasing from year 2004 to 2008. However, the percentage of turnover which is rated as 11.6% in 2007 fall to 11.4% in 2008, due to heavy capital expenditure(which contributed to higher financing costs) (Nestle, 2009). With the implementation of lower tax expenses by government, Nestle (Malaysia) manage to nudge the profit margin after tax from 8.5% to 8.8%. According to Nestle (2009), the Board of Directors has recommended a final net dividend of 80 cent per share, giving a total net dividend proposed and declared for the financial year of 191.19 cent per share that represents a 68.0% accession compared to the previous period and hits the highest in the Groups history.From the balance sheet (appendix 3), we can see that the Nestle group and Nestle Malaysia are growing stronger and having a very imperious view about the ir assets with the increments. Overall, the group have RM1,660,401,000 of asset while the company have RM1,110,879,000 of assets. Furthermore, it achieved a balance with their equity and liability that shows the company is healthy with strong financial.By observing the income statement (appendix 4), the company is making more profit (compared by year 2007 and 2008). Nestle Malaysia hits RM435,269,000 of revenue for 2008 which is higher than year 2007 by increase of RM75,116,000. For the Nestle group the gain approximately RM3.9 billion at 2008 and its better than the previous year with RM3.4 billion. The basic earnings per ordinary share (cent) for year 2008 is one hundred forty-five while year 2007 is 125. It shows that currently the company is still doing well.Based on the property flow statement (appendix 5), the available hard currency of the group and company is decreasing. It is because of the cash is used for heavy financing activities.Group 2008RM000Group 2007RM000Company 2008RM000Company 2007RM000Net cash from operating activities555,972290,657401,005226,134Net cash from investing activities(185,696)(100,721)28,21921,667Net cash used in financing activities(376,256)(214,094)(445,550)(234,505)Cash and cash equivalents at 31 Dec25,69031,6701,04217,368Objectives1st years objective (short term)Hoping to double our share (to reach 70 per cent of the total market) of the speciality coffee market by next year with the launch of New Nescafe Menu (Don Howat,2009)Catering to Malaysian tastes by offering a mix of drinks across different ranges and the new products add to the companys product portfolio of these ranges. (Don Howat,2009)See an increase in coffee consumption in Malaysia. (Don Howat,2009)Hope to change the perception that coffee is bad for health and educate consumer on the goodness of antioxidants contained in coffee. (Don Howat,2009)2nd years objective (and long term objective)Improving current portfolio to ensure the products has more nutritious without affecting the taste (for example, less sugar, salt and fats). (Nestle, 2008)Maximise the use of good quality local raw materials. (Nestle, 2010)Creating and increasing consumers awareness on nutritional labelling, food safety and consumer rights to safe and quality food. (Nestle, 2008)Guarantee that all products manufactured, imported and distributed by Nestl Malaysia are certified HALAL by authorise Islamic certification bodies. (Nestle, 2010)Produce and sell world-class products of the highest consistent quality, reliability and convenience based on business excellence principles throughout our operations.(Nestle, 2010)Marketing StrategiesNescafe Menu utilizing the multiple segmentation bases which included of geographic, behaviour, and demographic segmentation.NESCAFMENUs Segmentation for Consumer MarketGeographicCountryMalaysiaCountry religionAsiaDemographicAge12 65+ sex activityMale and femaleFamily size15+Family life circleSingle/ married (with or without children)I ncomeUpper low and aboveOccupationStudents, works adult, housewives retiredReligionMuslim(mainly), Hindu BuddhistRaceMalay, Chinese, Indian othersNationalityMalaysianBehaviouralOccasionsRegularBenefitsQuality and convenienceUser statusPotential substance abuser and regular userUser ratesMedium useLoyalty StatusStrong and absoluteReadiness stageInterested, desirous and intention of buyingAttitude toward productPositiveTable 3 NESCAFMENUs Segmentation for Consumer MarketAdapt from Major Segmentation Variable for consumer markets by Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong (2010). in stock(predicate) at Principles of Marketing (13th random variable) Chapter 7 Customer-Driven Marketing (Market Segmentation) page 217.Selective marketing (differentiated marketing) market-coverage strategy in which a firm decides to target several market segments with separated offers (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong 2010). Nestle as leader of global food market applied selective targeting by differentiated their products to numbers of categories that means to target different customer.Categories of productExample of productTargeted customer (in general) Coffee and Beverage Nescafe / Milo All range Culinary Aids/ Prepared Foods Maggi Household, mainly teenager and university students. Milks Nespray/ Nesvita Household Liquid Drinks Perrier Upper optic range Junior Foods Nestle Baby Cereals Parents with baby Breakfast Cereals Nestle Breakfast Cereals Parents with children Chilled Diary Nestle Bliss/ Nespray Yogurt Household Ice-cream Nestle ice cream / Drumstick Parents with children Chocolate and Confectionery Kit-Kat / Smarties / Milkybar All range Healthcare Nutrition Nutren Optimum / Fibre / Junior Household Performance Nutrition POWERBAR Performance / Gel Student working adult Nestle Professional Nestle Professional Medium/ large CompaniesTable 3 Nestls products, brand name and their targeted customer.Adapted From Nestle in your life, our brands (Nestle, 2010) From http//www.nestle.com. my/Nestle+In+Your+Life/Our+Brands.htmNescafe is a convenience product type of consumer product that consumers usually buy frequently, immediately, and with a minimum of par and buying effort. Normally low priced and marketers place them in many locations to act them readily available when customers need them (Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong, 2010).(a) Pricing StrategiesMajor base pricing strategies Value-based pricing Everyday low pricing (EDLP) Set reasonably low price but still offer high quality products and adequate customer services. Prices are non the highest in the market nor are the lowest, consistent with the benefits and costs associated with acquiring the product.(O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008) For instant, Nestle(M) re-launched the everyday low price Nestle branded range of Take-Home Tubs with Hi calcium, in line with the Nestle corporate wellness initiatives, to further strengthen the leadership position in the affordable segment. (Nestle, 2008) Competitiv e MatchingPricing strategy focuses on matching competitors prices and price changes. Although some firms may charge slightly more or slightly less, these firms set prices at what most consider to be the going away rate for the industry(O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).Nestle set the Nescafe Menu according to the going rate whereby market the 15-pack bags at the recommended retail prices of RM12.90 which is almost the same with the Old Towns white coffee (RM12.90)Strategies for adjusting Promotion discountingVirtually all firms, even those using value-based pricing, will occasionally run special promotions or sales to attract customers and create upthrow (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).Nestle uses this strategy to attract new and old customer and increase their sales during promotion. Reference pricingFirms use reference pricing when they compare the actual merchandising price to an internal or external reference price. All customer use internal reference prices or the internal expectation for what a product should cost. As consumers, our experiences have given us a reasonable expectation of how much to pay for the product (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).A pack of 15 pack-bags coffee cost above RM7.90 above and at the average price of RM11.50 to RM13.50 thus consumer expectation price also will be around that reference price.(b) Product StrategiesThe launched of New Nescafe Menu is using product line extensions strategy by adding new flavours of coffee to Nescafe brand. These products supplement an existing product line with new styles, models, features or flavour and it allow the firm to keep its product fresh and exciting with minimal development cost and risk of market failure (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).Product StrategiesBranding strategy* Line extensions It occurs when a company extends existing brand names to new forms, colours, sizes, ingredients, or flavours of an existing product category. (Philip Kotler and G ary Armstrong, 2010) In this scenario, Nescafe introduce the new Nescafe menu by proving three new flavour of coffee to meet consumer variety.Packing and labelling* Nescafe Menu used a simple design by implements the photo of beverages in the wadding and picks the colour to suit the beverages.* A big and clear brand name is spot in the top of the packing.* 15-pack bags at the recommended retail prices of RM12.90* Nescafe also provide 3 flavour in a box of 6-pack bags for consumer who want to have a try for all the flavour.Customer Support Service* According to O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline (2008), a firm may have difficulty differentiating its products when all products in a market have essentially the same quality, features, or benefits. In such cases, providing good customer support both before and after the sale helps in identifying and defining consumer needs.* Nestle provides the toll-free customer service line (1800 88 3433) in order to help them to know more about consu mers needs and strengthen the current position.Product Life Cycle NescafeIntroduction stagei. Attracting customer by breeding awareness of and interest in the product offering though advertising, public relation and publicity efforts that connect key product benefits to customers needs and wants (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008). First, Nestle make the official launch for new product included Press conference then advertising their product through newspaper, radio and television.ii. Inducing customer to try and buy the product through the use of various sale tools and pricing activities (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008). Nestle conducts free testing section, gives free samples to customer at hypermarket and offers their product in cheaper price during the promotion of new launched product.iii. Furthermore, Nestle ensure there is high availability and visibility of the product through trade promotion activities that encourage enchant (hypermarket, convenient store and etc) to stock and support the product (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).Growth stagei. Nescafe has a strong branding, high quality with reasonable price to secure their market position.ii. Utilize advertising to stress the products benefits for target customer (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).iii. Maintain and control over product quality to ensure customer satisfaction (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008). For example, Nestle demand the customers feedback through their customer service line and email.iv. Contact with key channel especially retailers to get a better shelf space that easily percolate customers eyes.Maturity stagei. Nescafe manage to hold the 70% market share of the Malaysian market share with its soluble coffee ranges (Don Howat, 2009)ii. Nestle able to create cash flow and invest it for new products or technology to improve their companys portfolio.iii. At this stage, Nescafe also develop a new product image and commit the new technology to their products.(c) Distribution strategyNestle uses the indirect marketing channel with intensive distribution that makes a product available in the utmost number of merchants or outlets in each area to gain as much exposure and as many sales opportunity as executable (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008).Multiple customer-marketing channel Adapted from Business (tenth edition)by William M. Pride, Robert J. Hughes, Jack R. Kapoor, 2009.Available athttp//books.google.com.my/books?id=zb0cItqvLJUCpg=PT427dq=customer+marketing+channelhl=enei=PNa4S6_3I4SyrAfPpfXDCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=7ved=0CFMQ6AEwBgv=onepageq=customer%20marketing%20channelf=false Nestl as the producer keep the product in their national distribution centre which is used as the main logistic function warehouse. Next, wholesaler represent hypermarket that gets the products for the agent (sales office) and then sell it to retailer and customer.(d) Promotion strategyNestle applied the promotion mix a s the promotion strategies.Nescafe use product advertising to promote the image, features, uses, benefits, and distribution of products (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008). They present their advertising through television, radio, magazines, newspapers, outdoor display and the internet. Thus, consumers can have a look of the physical evidence of the product.Public relations can be referring to the process in the 7Ps of the marketing mix. It used to promote the firms, its people, its ideas, and its image and even to create an internal shared understanding among employees and can create specific images such as quality, innovativeness, value, or concern for social issues (O.C. Ferrell Michael D. Hartline, 2008). Nestle uses different methods such as press conferences, press releases and event sponsorship. For instant, Nescafe organizes press conferences and releases official press to announce the launch of the Nescafe Menu.Personal selling refers to personal presentation by the firms sales force for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships. Sales people (as one of the 7Ps of marketing mix) will carry out the communication that attempts to inform customers about products and persuade them to purchase those products. Nestle uses the 6 sales offices and their employees to sell their products.Sales promotion direct towards consumers and trade is applied. Nestle gives sale promotion by giving out samples, point-of-purchase promotion and contests. For example, Nestle promotes different contests for their product seasonally to create excitement for consumers and increase the sales. Moreover, they offer trade allowance and selling incentives offered to an intermediarys sales force.Conclusion and recommendationsIn conclusion, Nestle group is a strong financial corporate and Nestle Malaysia is a Multinational company that have a bright future in exporting Halal product to more countries out of Asia. The born of the new Nescafe Menu means a rev olution of Nescafe beverages by offers local-styled coffee according to consumers needs.Furthermore, I discovered that Nestle do not have a brand that offers tea beverages as new line of product and attract non-coffee drinker to be Nestls consumer. Moreover, Nescafe ought to provide all their beverages in can so that it slow to carry to everywhere and enjoy it at anytime.As the awareness of health issues is rising rapidly in Malaysia, Nestle should provides their product with low sugar range or replace it with sugar cane which is more healthier compare to fine sugar.Lastly, Nestle should re-design their logo, label and packing as it rated as less dinky compare to its competitor. As the fast-development of multimedia, Nestle should fully utilize it in their packing and advertisement to suit the new generation.ReferenceBooks and e-booksPrinciple of Marketing 13th edition by Philips Kotler Gary Armstrong, 2010. United State of America, Pearson Prentice Hall.Marketing Strategy (globa l edition) 4th edition by O.C Farrell Michael D. Hartline ,2008. United State of America, Thomas South-Western. Business (tenth edition)by William M. Pride, Robert J. Hughes, Jack R. Kapoor, 2009. (Online) Available at http//books.google.com.my/books?id=zb0cItqvLJUCpg=PT427dq=customer+marketing+channelhl=enei=PNa4S6_3I4SyrAfPpfXDCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=7ved=0CFMQ6AEwBgv=onepageq=customer%20marketing%20channelf=false accessed at 20th March 2010Introduction to marketing conceptsBy Graeme Drummond, John Ensor, fifth edition

A Violation of Rights-School Uniforms Essays -- essays research papers

I believe all people fetch the right to converse themselves. However, with rights come responsibility, a concept most people ignore. Having a "right" is to be free to express ones self. Consequentially, having a "responsibility" is doing it constructively, in such a way as to not violate policies, laws, and others rights. There is a definite difference between a dress code and a school uniform. I support enforcing a school dress code, but is implementing a school uniform necessary? No matter how students dress, they will still pass judgments on their peers, uniforms do not necessarily save money, and children are forced to conform to the same standards. While in school, teachers have a responsibility to teach and students have the responsibility to learn. Both have the right to exist in their environment without harassment and the right to express their individuality. Some people have found close to expressions crude, obnoxious, and distracting. To combat the prob lem, the idea of mandating school uniforms was introduced. This notion of making everyone appear "uniformed" in order to cut down on violence and negativity in school, is absolutely mislaid. School was designed to equally teach all children not only book knowledge but also offer practice in cooperation with others on a social scale. The home was designed to teach children right from wrong, to respect and obey authority, and how to socially function properly with others. Sadly, the parents ...

Free Macbeth Essays: Importance of the Last Two Scenes :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Importance of the Last Two Scenes in Macbeth     The last cardinal scenes are a very important part of the play. They are the last two scenes in the play in which Macbeth is alive. They are also a very effective part of the play the audience will have already completed that something will happen which will decide the ending of the play. This awareness that something is about to happen is made so by the commotion of the two great armies as they prepare to fight and by Macbeths eagerness and confidence to win. These scenes remind the audience of Macbeths true character. Early on in the play he was portrayed as a fierce and brave warrior, however, as the play developed the audience began to get the impression that Macbeth was not all that he had been made out to be. He was seen as a selfish man who got what he wanted by murdering his rivals. This was intentional on the part of the playwright as the entire play is focus in on how a man as powerful as the king of Scot land can do whatever his vaulting ambition wants him to. These scenes re-iterate Macbeths original character. altogether of the scenes leading up to these two have been advancing the plot in such a way that scenes seven and eight are able to fuck off the audience completely by surprise. For example, the supernatural plays a large role in this play and the audience knows that it will have something to do with the destiny of Macbeth and the aftermath of the story. It is this prediction that makes the audience remember what the witches said to Macbeth The power of man, for no(prenominal) of woman born shall harm Macbeth. These phrases baffle the audience, and so as the end of the play approaches they cause interested to find out what they mean. Scene seven begins with a short soliloquy from Macbeth, he says They have tied me to a stake, I cannot fly, but bear-like I must fight the course. This tells the audience that Macbeth doesnt want to fight, and he doesnt, but later it is re vealed that he is very confident to win. The first man that Macbeth fights with is Young Siward. Macbeth soon kills him for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. Scene eight follows, with the fight between Macbeth and Macduff.